TOEFL Structure (Sentences with Reduced Clauses)

When ____ nests during spring nesting season, Canadian geese are fiercely territorial.

• building

• are building

• built

• are built

In 1870, Calvin, along with Adirondack hunter Alvah Dunning, made the first known ascent of Seward Mountain, ____ far from roads or trails.

• a remote peak

• it is a remote peak

• a remote peak is

• which a remote peak

Kokanee salmon begin to deteriorate and die soon ____ at the age of four.

• they spawn

• after spawning

• spawn

• spawned the salmon

____ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century, the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War.

• It is hidden

• Hidden

• Which is hidden

• The plant is hiding

Until ____ incorrect, astronomers had assumed that the insides of white dwarfs were uniform.

• they

• their proof

• the astronomers recently proven

• recently proven

____ artifacts from the early Chinese dynasties, numerous archeologists have explored the southern Silk Road.

• They were searching for

• It was a search for

• Searched for

• Searching for

In Hailey, the best known lecturer was women's rights activist Abigail Scott Duniway of Portland, Oregon, who could usually be persuaded to speak ____ town visiting her son.

• she was in

• while in

• while she was

• was in

The National Restaurant ____ Washington, says that federal efforts to regulate workplace smoking would limit restaurants' ability to respond to the desires of their patrons.

• Association in

• Association is in

• Association which is in

• Association, based in

____ in North American waterways a little over a decade ago, zebra mussels have already earned a nasty reputation for their expensive habit of clogging water pipes in the Great Lakes area.

• The first sighting

• Although first sighted

• Zebra mussels were first sighted

• First sighting

Small companies may take their goods abroad for trade shows without paying foreign value-added taxes by acquiring ____ an ATA carnet.

• a document calls

• a document called

• calls a document

• called a document