TEKS B.4(C) - Viruses

A student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that a capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells.

Which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes?

• Both transport proteins throughout the structures.

• Both provide energy for activities in the structures.

• Both protect genetic information for the structures.

• Both code for the proteins needed for the reproduction of the structures.

In 1898 Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of the highly contagious hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock was a microscope infectious particle. It was discovered that this particle requires a host cell to reproduce.

Which pathogen is most likely responsible for causing hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock?

• a bacterium, because it is contagious

• a fungus, because it infects livestock

• a protist, because it is microscopic

• a virus, because it requires a host cell to reproduce

Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

• Cells contain protein, and viruses contain only carbohydrates.

• Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia.

• Cells reproduce independently and viruses require a host to reproduce.

• Viruses have membranes

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often infects and destroys CD4 T-cells. These CD4 T-cells are one of many kinds of white blood cells that are an important part of the immune system, which protect the body.

The most common danger related to the destruction of CD4 T cells is -

• an increase in the risk of high blood pressure

• an increase in the threat of diseases caused by microorganisms and viruses

• a decrease in the flow of blood to vital organs

• a decrease in the amount of oxygen being transported to issues.

The picture shows a 3D model of a virus called a bacteriophage. Bacteriophages can infect bacteria such as E.coli. (a)  

• they contain antibodies
• they reproduce by mitosis
• they have identical genomes
• they lack membrane-bound organelles