AP CSP Review

The following figure represents a network of physically linked devices labeled P through S. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown. Which of the following statements best explains the ability of the network to provide fault tolerance?

• The network is considered fault-tolerant because there are redundant paths between each pair of devices.

• The network is considered fault-tolerant because it guarantees that no individual component will fail.

• The network is not considered fault-tolerant because it relies on physical connections.

• The network is not considered fault-tolerant because it provides more paths than are needed.

Which of the following best explains the ability to solve problems algorithmically?

• Any problem can be solved algorithmically, though some algorithmic solutions may require humans to validate the results.

• Any problem can be solved algorithmically, though some algorithmic solutions must be executed on multiple devices in parallel.

• Any problem can be solved algorithmically, though some algorithmic solutions require a very large amount of data storage to execute.

• There exist some problems that cannot be solved algorithmically using any computer.

Which of the following best describes the ability of parallel computing solutions to improve efficiency?

• Any problem that can be solved sequentially can be solved using a parallel solution in approximately half the time.

• Any solution can be broken down into smaller and smaller parallel portions, making the improvement in efficiency theoretically limitless as long as there are enough processors available.

• The efficiency of parallel computing solutions is rarely improved over the efficiency of sequential computing solutions.

• The efficiency of a solution that can be broken down into parallel portions is still limited by a sequential portion.

A programmer is writing a program that is intended to be able to process large amounts of data. Which of the following considerations is LEAST likely to affect the ability of the program to process larger data sets?

• How long the program takes to run

• How many programming statements the program contains

• How much memory the program requires as it runs

• How much storage space the program requires as it runs

According to the domain name system (DNS), which of the following is a subdomain of the domain example.com?

• about.example.com

• example.co.uk

• example.com.org

• example.org

Which of the following actions is most likely to help reduce the digital divide?

• Adding a requirement that all users of a popular social media site link their accounts with a phone number.

• Deploying satellites and other infrastructure to provide inexpensive Internet access to remote areas of Earth

• Digitizing millions of books from university libraries, making their full text available online

• Offering improved Internet connections to Internet users who are willing to pay a premium fee for more bandwidth

A state government is attempting to reduce the digital divide. Which of the following activities has the greatest potential to contribute to the digital divide rather than reducing it?

• Providing programs that focus on technology literacy at local libraries

• Requiring applicants for government jobs to apply using an online platform

• Working with technology companies to offer computing devices at discounted prices to individuals with reduced incomes

• Working with telecommunications companies to build network infrastructure in remote areas

Which of the following activities is most likely to be successful as a citizen science project?

• Collecting pictures of plants from around the world that can be analyzed to look for regional differences in plant growth.

• Designing and building a robot to help with tasks in a medical laboratory.

• Sorting scientific records and removing duplicate entries in a database with a large number of entries.

• Using a simulation to predict the impact of a construction project on local animal populations.

Which of the following is an advantage of a lossless compression algorithm over a lossy compression algorithm?

• A lossless compression algorithm can guarantee that compressed information is kept secure, while a lossy compression algorithm cannot.

• A lossless compression algorithm can guarantee reconstruction of original data, while a lossy compression algorithm cannot.

• A lossless compression algorithm typically allows for faster transmission speeds than does a lossy compression algorithm.

• A lossless compression algorithm typically provides a greater reduction in the number of bits stored or transmitted than does a lossy compression algorithm.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using open-source software?

• Open-source software is generally free or lower in cost than commercially available software.

• The availability of source code makes it possible to customize open-source software to a user’s individual needs.

• The original developer of open-source software provides free or low-cost support for users installing and running the software.

• Unlike commercial software, which can become obsolete when the company that created it goes out of business, open-source software can be updated without the involvement of the original programmers.