Independence Movements

What influenced the independence movements of colonial countries?

• the expense of maintaining and governing distant colonies

• the spread of democratic ideas

• during World War II, the occasional defeat of Europeans by Japanese

• All of the above

What was an important effect of the independence of the Indian subcontinent after British rule?

• New Indian factories destroyed traditional cottage industries.

• Religious differences led to the division of the colony into India and Pakistan

• The subcontinent was divided between communists and non-communists.

• Indian rulers introduced apartheid, a policy of racial segregation

What problem do the people of India continue to face today?

• conflicts between Hindus and Muslims

• the presence of al-Qaeda terrorists

• the threat of a communist takeover

• the lack of democratic elections

What approach did Mohandas Gandhi follow to achieve the political independence of India?

• using force to overthrow British rule

• siding with Britain’s enemies in two world wars

• using passive resistance to show the injustice of British rule

• offering to pay compensation in exchange for independence

The dividing of India into two nations was referred to as

• the civil war

• the partition

• the separation

• the continental divide

Which of the following populations might have relocated after the partition of India?

• Muslim in Pakistan

• Hindu in India

• Muslim in India

• Sikh in Sri Lanka

Which leader developed a method for disobeying unjust laws and using non-violent passive resistance and boycotts to fight political oppression?

• Mohandas Gandhi

• Mao Zedong

• Ho Chi Minh

• Nathan Sharansky

Which factor best explains the independence of former European colonies in Africa and Asia after World War II?

• the weakened state of European imperial powers after the war

• the rivalry of the United States and Soviet Union in the Cold War

• the assistance given to Africans and Asians under the Marshall Plan

• the refusal of Britain, France, and Holland to consider the use of force in their colonies

How did European colonists cause later conflicts in African nations?

• They manufactured goods that were useful only to the home country.

• They set up unbalanced economies based on one or two cash crops.

• They established boundaries that ignored ethnic and cultural divisions.

• They left the newly independent nations without any governments.

After years of rule by the Dutch and British, South Africa became an independent republic in 1961. Although independent, South Africa continued to face ongoing conflicts due to —

• the racial policies carried out by the ruling minority

• citizens who wanted to adopt Afrikaans as the official language

• attempts by European powers to retake South Africa

• the mistreatment of South African religious leaders