Neurophysiology quiz 3

The lentiform nucleus is formed of

• Putamen and Caudate nucleus

• Putamen and Globus pallidus

• Caudate and Globus pallidus

• Subtgalamic and substantia nigra

• Sbthalamic and Caudate

-The output from the basal anglia to the reticular formation come from

• Globus pallidus

• Subthalamic nucleus

• Substantia nigra

• All of the above

• None of the above

-All the following regarding Ballism syndrome is true except

• Caused by lesion in the subthalamic nucleus

• Characterized by sudden contraction of the axial muscles

• Maybe associated with hypotonia

• Usually affects both sides of the body

• Maybe associated with chorea

-All the following diseases usually involve hypotonia except

• Chorea

• Ballism

• Athetosis

• Cerebellar lesions

-In Parkinson’s diseases there is

• Increase in the direct pathway through D1 receptors

• More excitation to the internal part of the Globus pallidus

• Less excitation to the pars reticularis of the substantia nigra

• Less inhibition to the external part of the Globus pollidus

• None of the above

concerning motor control of skeletal muscles

• medial motor pathways in the brain stem and the spinal cord control distal muscles

• distal muscles control posture and grossor movements

• -fine skilled movements are controlled by extrapyramidal system

• the rubrospinal tract control distal muscles

• -the tectospinal tract control posture and distal muscles

concerning muscle spindle sensory innervation

• annulospiral nerve endings innervates only nuclear bag fibers

• the primary nerve endings are endings of type a1 fibers

• primary nerve endings to nuclear bags discharge more during sustained stretch

• secondary nerve endings on nuclear chain discharge more during sustained stretch

• flower spray endings innervates both nuclear chain and nuclear bags fibers

lower motor neuron disease characterized by

• a-muscle wasting

• b-hypertonia

• c-hyperflexia

• d-clonus

• e-disturbance of coordination

concerning the muscle spindle

• four nuclear bag fibers are present per spindle

• b-Its sensitive to increased muscle tension

• c-the annulospiral endings are group 2 sensory fibers

• d-the nerves from primary endings on the nuclear chain fibers show a static response

• the physiologic tremor isn’t affected by muscle sensitivity to stretch

5-regarding the descending tracts

• the corticospinal tracts descends in the genu of the internal capsule

• the lateral corticospinal tract cross to the contralateral side at the level of the upper medulla

• the anterior corticospinal tract constitute 50% of the pyramidal tracts

• the function of the pyramidal tract is to initiate and control the voluntary movement

• corticospinal tracts originate from the post central gyrus