EFM Units 10 and 11 Vocabulary

What is a meta-analysis?

• Check or prove the validity or accuracy of.

  "all analytical methods should be validated in respect of accuracy"

• Examination of data from a number of independent studies of the same subject, in order to determine overall trends.

  "an important component of meta-analysis is the investigation of the consistency of treatment effects across studies"

In relation to medical research, what does longitudinal mean?

• Involving information about an individual or group gathered over a long period of time.

  "a longitudinal study of ten patients"

• Allows the researcher to see what their subjects really do when confronted with various choices or situations. The term refers to the study of non-experimental situations in which behavior is observed and recorded.

Define clinical significance.

• The practical importance of a treatment effect—whether it has a real genuine, palpable, noticeable effect."Differences that are small in magnitude typically lack practical relevance and are unlikely to be clinically significant."

• The standard to which comparisons are made in an experiment. Many experiments are designed to include these and one or more experimental groups. "In fact, some scholars reserve the term experiment for study designs that include these."

What does validate mean?

• The regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something.

  "The data are of great value."

• Check or prove the validity or accuracy of.

  "all analytical methods should be validated in respect of accuracy"

What is a control group?

• The standard to which comparisons are made in an experiment. Many experiments are designed to include these and one or more experimental groups. "In fact, some scholars reserve the term experiment for study designs that include these."

• It manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.

What is a systematic review?

• Evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field.

  "we submit our findings to rigorous peer review"

• Uses reproducible methods to identify, select and

  critically appraise all relevant research,

  and to collect and analyse data from the studies that

  are included in the review.

What is a randomized controlled trial?

• Is a study in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results.These studies are particularly useful for preventing bias due to demand characteristics or the placebo effect.

• A study that aims to reduce bias when testing the effectiveness of new treatments. One group—the experimental group—receives the intervention being assessed, while the other—usually called the control group—receives an alternative treatment, such as a placebo or no intervention. The groups are assigned randomly.

What is a double blind trail?

• Is a study in which neither the participants in the control group nor the experimental group know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results.These studies are particularly useful for preventing bias due to demand characteristics or the placebo effect.

• Is a study in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results.These studies are particularly useful for preventing bias due to demand characteristics or the placebo effect.

Define dignity.

• The state or quality of being worthy of honour or respect.

• Relating to moral principles.

Define explicit.

• Suggested, though not directly expressed

• Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.