Ecology Review

Which organisms are BOTH secondary and tertiary consumers in this food web?

• Chemosynthetic bacteria and amphipods

• Zooplankton and mussels

• Ratfish and octopuses

• Galatheid crabs and zoarcid fish

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• 100 joules

• 500 joules

• 1,000 joules

• 50 joules

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Why is the agouti important to the rain forest ecosystem?

• It eats and disperses the trees' seeds.

• It eats the trees' excess seeds and prevents other animals from doing so.

• It cleans the rain forest floor of debris, allowing for easier motility.

• It prevents the trees' seeds from rotting on the rain forest floor.

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• predation

• parasitism

• commensalism

• competition

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• Seabirds: mutualism

  Jellyfish: predation

  Copepods: parasitism

• Seabirds: parasitism

  Jellyfish: commensalism

  Copepods: predation

• Seabirds: predation

  Jellyfish: mutualism

  Copepods: commensalism

• Seabirds: commensalism

  Jellyfish: parasitism

  Copepods: mutualism

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

A student studying primary succession should focus on which of these communities?

• Open oak woodland

• Mesquite grassland

• Floodplain

• Granite Rock

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During secondary succession, which of these best describes why decomposing pioneer plants give way to larger, more complex plants species, such as hardwood trees?

• Increased amounts of sunlight are able to reach the ground while the pioneer species are decomposing.

• Increased soil temperatures from decomposing pioneer species help tree seeds germinate more quickly.

• Increased amounts of decomposing pioneer species remove nutrients that tree seedlings need to grow and mature.

• Increased amounts of soil from decomposing pioneer species allow plants with more extensive root systems to become established.

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Saprophytes are fungi that feed on dead and decomposing organisms. They secrete enzymes that digest components of cell walls, such as cellulose and lignin. Which statement explains why these fungi are an important part of the biogeochemical cycle?

• Saprophytes perform gas exchange that assists the cellular activities of autotrophs

• Saprophytes extract minerals from living tissue to recycle the back into the soil

• Saprophytes transport nutrients through the xylem and phloem in autotrophs

• Saprophytes return organic material to the soil for use by living organisms

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Use the following symbiotic relationships to identify the nature of symbiosis that is displayed between organisms:

Snails make their own shells by extracting carbon from the ocean. Hermit crabs live in the abandoned snail shells.

• Predation

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

Use the following symbiotic relationships to identify the nature of symbiosis that is displayed between organisms:

Beechdrops are leafless plants that lack chlorophyll. Beechdrops obtain their nourishment from the roots of beech trees. This reduces the amount of nutrients available to beech trees.

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

• Predation

• Mutualism

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