NSM: Diuretics and Antihypertensives

A patient has a new prescription Lisinopril following a clinic visit. What should the nurse include in teaching about the drug? Select all that apply.

• Take medication with meals

• Report any persistent cough that may develop

• Report to the clinic for weekly blood serum lab checks

• Take blood pressure before dose, log findings, and report significant changes

• Avoid grapefruit juice while taking Lisinopril

A patient is taking the diuretic furosemide and is asking the nurse about foods with potassium content. Which statement by the patient indicates accurate understanding after nurse instructions?

• "I will take furosemide along with my hypertensive medication."

• "I will eat foods like apricots, dates, citrus fruits, bananas, and drink orange juice."

• "I will limit calcium in my diet by avoid milk."

• "I will limit spinach since vitamin K will affect my K labs."

Before administering oral hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), what must the nurse assess for safe medication administration? Select all that apply.

• Intracranial pressure

• HCTZ levels

• Hgb and Hct levels

• Potassium levels

• Blood pressure

The nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. Following administration of this medication, the nurse should anticipate what effect?

• Increased blood pressure related to increased cardiac output

• Increased urine output related to diuretic effect

• Elevated potassium

• Mild agitation

Which medication is appropriate to administer to a patient with a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L?

• Triamterene

• Lisinopril

• Furosemide

• Spironolactone

The nurse correctly explains to the patient that which medication lowers the blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels?

• Losartan

• Lovastatin

• Lisinopril

• Nifedipine

Which serious side effect is most associated with taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-inhibitor)?

• Visual disturbances

• Hypokalemia

• Leg muscle pain

• Swelling of the lips

Your patient is prescribed an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) for the treatment of blood pressure management. Which statement below BEST describes how this medication will manage blood pressure in a patient?

• “This medication will increase systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and decrease blood pressure, while decreasing blood volume through the excretion of sodium and water.”

• “This medication will decrease systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and decrease blood pressure, while decreasing blood volume through the excretion of sodium and water.”

• “ARBs will cause vasoconstriction and increase renal blood flow and volume.”

• “ARBs will cause vasodilation and the kidneys to retain sodium and water.”

A patient has a dose of Spironolactone due at 1000. Which finding below would require the nurse to hold the dose and notify the physician for further orders?

• Magnesium 1.5 mg/dL

• BUN 18

• Sodium 140 mEq/L

• Potassium 7 mEq/L

You're providing discharge teaching to a patient who will be taking Spirinolactone. Which items below should the patient limit in their diet? Select all that apply:

• Salt-substitututes

• Spinach

• Bananas

• Rice

• Cheese