Ch. 13 Multiple Choice

Some historians argue that the collapse of the Soviet Union was ultimately caused by

• its inability to effectively address the myriad social and political issues that divided the nation.

• its failure to prop up the communist regime in Afghanistan during the late 1980s.

• the weakened state of communism in the Western Hemisphere following the Cuban missile crisis.

• the unexpected consequences of Mikhail Gorbachev's policies to address internal problems.

Which of the following identifies one of the ways collectivization of agriculture in China differed from that of the Soviet Union?

• The Soviet Union was home to "people's communes."

• Soviet peasants played a key role in the process.

• The process in China was generally more peaceful.

• The Chinese Communist Party played only a marginal role.

Compare: In contrast to Russia, the communist revolution in China

• faced a weaker foe in its rival, the Kuomintang.

• was completed within a year but collapsed in a decade.

• focused on building peasant support in the countryside.

• explicitly rejected the ideas of Karl Marx and Lenin.

This led to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s

• Disapproval of the radical land reforms that had been instituted

• The attempted liberation of Afghan women

• Fear that communism was about to collapse in that country

• The desire to spread communism to that country

Which of the following best describes how the cold war affected countries emerging from colonial rule in the second half of the twentieth century?

• Both the United States and the Soviet Union gave them military and economic aid in the hope of gaining their support.

• The majority of them were absorbed into a largely voluntary American sphere of influence.

• The majority found themselves unable to escape from the military-backed Soviet sphere of influence.

• They found themselves being used as pawns in the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union.

The communist movement in China primarily drew its support from which of the following?

• Urban areas

• The middle class

• Rural areas

• The elite

This would be considered the FIRST step in the end of the communist era

• The "miracle year" in Eastern Europe

• The death of Mao Zedong in China

• Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power in the Soviet Union

• The withdrawal of the Soviet Union from Afghanistan

What was the result of the reforms instituted under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in China in the 1980s?

• Economic stagnation, social upheaval, and famine

• A competitive multiparty electoral system

• Rapid economic growth based on capitalist models

• The collapse of the Chinese Communist Party

This location was the initial arena for the cold war

• Cuba

• Eastern Europe

• The Middle East

• Western Europe

This is the military alliance that united the Soviet Union with Eastern European communist states against Western capitalist countries during the cold war

• The Warsaw Pact

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• Treaty of Friendship

• Communist International