Radioactivity

Which set of radioactive emissions corresponds to the descriptions given in the table headings?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The nucleus of one of the isotopes of nickel is represented by ₂₈ Ni ⁶⁰. Which line in the table correctly describes a neutral atom of this isotope?

• A

• B

• C

• D

A nucleus of bohrium _x^yBh decays to mendelevium ₁₀₁²⁵⁵Md by a sequence of three α-particle emissions. How many neutrons are there in a nucleus of Bh?

• 267

• 261

• 160

• 154

The numbers of protons, neutrons and nucleons in three nuclei are shown.

Which nuclei are isotopes of the same element?

• X and Y

• X and Z

• Y and Z

• none of them

In an experiment to investigate the nature of the atom, a very thin gold film was bombarded with α-particles. What pattern of deflection of the α-particles was observed?

• A few α-particles were deflected through angles greater than a right angle.

• All α-particles were deflected from their original path.

• Most α-particles were deflected through angles greater than a right angle.

• No α-particle was deflected through an angle greater than a right angle.

In what way do the atoms of the isotopes differ?

• different charge

• different numbers of electrons

• different numbers of neutrons

• different numbers of protons

Isotopes of a given element all have the same

• charge / mass ratio.

• neutron number.

• nucleon number.

• proton number

Protons and neutrons are thought to consist of smaller particles called quarks. The ‘up’ quark has a charge of 2/3 e : a ‘down’ quark has a charge of – 1/3 e, where e is the elementary charge (+1.6 x 10–19 C). How many up quarks and down quarks must a proton contain?

• Â

• B

• C

• D

Which are the correct descriptions of a γ-ray and a α-particle?

• A

• B

• C

• D

A thin gold foil is bombarded with α-particles as shown.

• binding energy of a gold nucleus.

• energy levels of electrons in gold atoms.

• size of a gold nucleus.

• structure of a gold nucleus.