Unit 1 Review: Energy, Forces, and Collisions

The diagram shows a cart moving freely along a track.

What happens to the energy of the cart as it moves from point A to point B on the diagram?

• A. Potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.

• B. Kinetic energy is transformed to potential energy.

• C. Both potential energy and kinetic energy stay the same.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What is the definition of a force?

• A. a pull exerted on an object

• B. a push or a pull exerted on an object

• C. a change in the direction of motion of an object

When scientists studied geological columns from different parts of the world, they discovered that fossils of dinosaurs, many groups of reptiles, and marine invertebrates disappeared at the top of the Mesozoic section. What is the most likely explanation of this evidence?

• A. The organisms evolved very quickly into new organisms.

• B. Organisms likely migrated to different parts of the world.

• C. An extinction event caused many of the organisms to die off.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Toni needs to set up a demonstration to prove that Newton’s third law applies during the collision of two objects. She has a small toy car, a big toy truck, and two identical billiard balls. She chooses to demonstrate the action-reaction force pairs by rolling the billiard balls toward each other. Why did Toni choose billiard balls instead of the other objects to illustrate her point?

• A. The billiard balls have the same mass, making the result of equal forces easier to see.

• B. The toy truck would exert more force on the toy car, showing unequal forces instead of equal ones.

• C. The billiard balls are the same diameter, showing equal forces during a collision and proving Newton’s third law.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NASA is testing identical miniature rockets using the same platform. The data collected from one launch are shown in the graph.

Which of these describes the relationship between the rocket’s speed and its kinetic energy?

• A. There is a linear relationship between speed and kinetic energy.

• B. There is a constant relationship between speed and kinetic energy.

• C. There is a nonlinear relationship between speed and kinetic energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Which of the following force is a contact force?

• gravity

• air resistance

• magnetic force

• pushing with your hands

Which of the following force is a noncontact force?

• gravity

• air resistance

• magnetic force

• pushing with your hands

When an object collides with a moon, the energy that forms the impact crater comes from the

(1.) __________ energy of the object. The size of the impact crater depends upon the (2.) __________ and

mass of the object.

• (1.) kinetic

• (1.) potential

• (2.) acceleration

• (2.) speed

A carpenter leaves several tools on the floor of his workshop when he goes for his lunch break. Sometime later the carpenter returns and sees that one of his coworkers has moved his tools to different shelves on a nearby bookshelf.

Which data would the carpenter need to collect to calculate the amount of work required to lift his tools onto the shelves?

Select all the correct answers.

• the height of each shelf

• the time it took to move each tool

• the amount of force needed to lift each tool

What is the fossil record?

• A. The list of the all fossils that exist.

• B. The history of a single fossil species.

• C. The history of life on Earth as recorded in fossils.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1