WCOA Earth Science B Module 7 Exam Review-part 1

How do seismic waves help scientists determine the structures of Earth’s interior?

• Seismic waves activate the Earth’s magnetic field.

• Seismic waves travel through different materials at different speeds.

• Seismic waves travel through meteorite remains at different speeds.

• Seismic waves carry materials from Earth’s mantle across the Earth and to the surface.

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Check all true statements regarding agricultural practices and soil erosion.

• Tilling increases soil erosion by breaking topsoil into fine pieces, making it easier to be carried away by water and wind.

• Surface or flood irrigation increases soil erosion by picking up soil carrying it away.

• Heavy livestock grazing increases soil erosion by clearing the soil of ground cover, exposing the soil to more water and wind.

• No-till planting methods increase soil erosion by not breaking up the surface of the soil, causing water to run over the soil faster.

What factors facilitate (cause) erosion by wind the most?

• heat, low water table and low humidity

• drought, plant die-off and wind

• ocean currents, La Niña and El Niño

• increased solar flares, close solar orbits and sunspots

Why is the mantle of the Earth described as a semi-solid?

• The mantle is liquid during warmer months and solid during colder months.

• The mantle is so hot that it allows the rocky material to flow gradually.

  
  

• The mantle is solid toward the crust and liquid toward the outer core.

• The mantle is composed of some solid pockets and some liquid pockets.

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Explain why the composition and liquid state of the outer core are necessary for creating Earth’s magnetic field? (Check all that apply.)

• Its metallic composition means that the outer core can conduct electricity, which is necessary for a magnetic field

• Since the outer core is mostly non-metallic minerals, it allows magnetic charges to build up in it.

• The liquid state of the outer core allows it to flow in convection movement patterns, which is necessary for a magnetic field.

• The outer core changes between a liquid and solid state, producing a magnetic field.

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A classmate explains that igneous rocks can be changed to metamorphic rock by first being melted into magma and then cooling. What correction needs to be made to this statement?

• Igneous rocks must become sediment before melting.

• Cooled magma becomes igneous rock.

• Cooled magma becomes sedimentary rock.

• Igneous rocks cannot be melted into magma.

Which of the following statements about rocks and minerals are true?

• Rocks are aggregates (combinations) of minerals and non minerals, while minerals are compounds with specific composition.

• Granite and marble are rocks, while quartz and diamond are minerals.

• Rocks have no specific chemical composition, while minerals have a specific chemical composition.

• Rocks are formed by geologic processes, while all minerals come from meteorites.

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Which of the following statements is true about intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks? (Check all that apply.)

• Both types of igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and hardening of magma or lava.

• Intrusive igneous rocks cool below the surface, and the slower cooling allows mineral crystals to grow larger.

• Extrusive igneous rocks contain higher concentrations of minerals than intrusive rocks.

• Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma breaks through the surface (becoming lava), and the faster cooling does not give mineral crystals time to grow larger.

Which of the following soil conservation methods is best suited for reducing soil erosion caused by water flowing down hillsides?

• Use contour plowing on the hills.

• Reshape the hills with terraces.

• Install silt fences at the bottom of the hills.

• Rotate his crops so that there is permanent groundcover.

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Check which of the following are correct explanations of how soil contributes to biodiversity, fighting disease and agriculture.

• Soil provides a habitat for billions of organisms, supporting a large amount of biodiversity.

• Most of the antibiotics that humans use to fight disease are found in soil.

• Soil provides a protective layer when applied to people.

• Soil is the basis of agriculture, providing a source of nutrients for plants and a place for them to grow.

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