Chapter 4: Learning Memory

A relative permanent change of behavior is called ________.

• lifestyles

• personality

• learning

• all of the above

Which theory listed below assumes that learning take place as the result of responses to external events?

• behavioral learning

• episodic learning

• incidental learning

• gestalt learning

Which of the following was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov?

• classical conditioning

• instrumental conditioning

• behavioral conditioning

• psychological conditioning

Instrumental conditioning occurs in which of the following ways?

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• punishment

• all of the above

When a consumer learns a desired behavior over a period of time, it is called ________.

• shaping

• conditioning

• repetition

• extinction

Which theory stresses the importance of internal mental processes?

• stimulus-response theory

• cognitive learning theory

• fixed-interval reinforcement theory

• variable interval reinforcement theory

________ learning occurs when an individual watches the actions of others and notes the reinforcements they receive for their behaviors.

• Classical

• Reinforced

• Halo effect

• Observational

The process of acquiring information and storing it over time is called ________.

• retrieval

• storage

• memory

• encoding

Which term refers to the bittersweet emotions that arise when a consumer views the past with happiness and sadness?

• chunking

• nostalgia

• spontaneous recovery

• a schema

________ memory permits the temporary storage of information we receive from our senses.

• Elaborative

• Sensory

• Cognitive

• Working