RPAScience A Level Epigenetics

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

• The two different cells become mutated

• The proteins expressed in each cell are different

• They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

• The genome of the different cells changes

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What is a Gene?

• A segment of RNA that encodes for a protein
• A chromosome
• A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein
• Your genome

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The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

• cell multiplication
• cell division
• mitosis
• cell differentiation

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The difference between DNA code and the epigenome is that the DNA code is

• flexible, while the epigenome is fixed for life
• fixed for life, while the epigenome is flexible
• determined by the environment, while the epigenome is not
• determined by one's stress level, while the epigenome is not

When cells are exposed to chemicals that damage DNA, what is the usual response?

• The cells automatically become cancerous
• Normal biochemical repair processes fix any damage
• The cells undergo apoptosis, a type of cell death
• The cells change to a different type of cell

Which factor can affect the epigenome?

• nutrition
• exercise
• stress 
• all of these factors can affect the epigenome

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Gene regulation is the process that is used to:

• help make sugars for cells in plants.

• make glycosomes in cells.

• turning genes on and off.

• Not sure, need help.

The illustration depicts the image of:

• a piece of flagellum in a eukaryotic cell for movement.

• a piece of DNA in a cell that is used for gene regulation and expression

• a piece of RNA in a cell to help create proteins.

• None of the above.

True or False: For gene expression in prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm

• True

• False

Methylation involves chemical tags covering DNA, contributing to the

• epigenome
• epifactor
• epiforecast
• epidermis