Understanding Fractional Distillation

What is the primary purpose of fractional distillation in the context of crude oil?

• To chemically alter the components of crude oil

• To separate crude oil into its different components based on boiling points

• To increase the viscosity of crude oil

• To convert crude oil into natural gas

Which of the following is a major component of crude oil?

• Ethanol

• Methane

• Hydrocarbons

• Water

What is the main use of the fraction known as petrol obtained from crude oil?

• As a lubricant

• As a fuel for vehicles

• As a cleaning agent

• As a food additive

Which separation technique is primarily used in fractional distillation?

• Filtration

• Chromatography

• Distillation

• Evaporation

What is one environmental impact of the distillation of crude oil?

• Increased biodiversity

• Reduction in air pollution

• Emission of greenhouse gases

• Decrease in water pollution

Which fraction obtained from crude oil is commonly used for making roads?

• Kerosene

• Diesel

• Bitumen

• Petrol

What is the approximate boiling point range for the fraction known as diesel?

• 30°C to 70°C

• 100°C to 150°C

• 200°C to 350°C

• 400°C to 500°C

Which of the following is NOT a product of crude oil distillation?

• Natural gas

• Petrol

• Kerosene

• Asphalt

What is the role of a fractionating column in fractional distillation?

• To cool down the crude oil

• To provide a surface for condensation and separation of components

• To heat the crude oil

• To store the distilled fractions

Which of the following is an industrial application of distillation?

• Production of synthetic fibres

• Extraction of metals

• Purification of water

• Manufacturing of glass