Cognition and Learning

Edward Chace Tolman coined the term _____, which is an internal representation (or image) of external environmental feature or landmark.

• mental image

• cognitive bank

• cognitive map

• mental representation

Conducted classical conditioning experiment on Little Albert for him to fear a white rat after pairing with a loud noise.

• Albert Bandura

• John Watson

• Ivan Pavlov

• Edward Thorndike

Conducted experiments with rats and mazes to examine the role that reinforcement plays in the way that rats learn their way through complex mazes; led to idea of cognitive maps and latent learning.

• Edward Tolman

• Walter Mischel

• Martin Seligman

• Robert Rescorla

Along with Robert Koelling he studied taste aversion in rats noticing rats would avoid water in radiation chambers due to it making them ill; he also helped with having wolves be fearful of sheep for ranch farmers. Timing of Conditioned Stimulus can be delayed and still have much power.

• John Pavlov

• B.F. Skinner

• John Watson

• John Garcia

Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning with dogs and salivation.

• Edward Thorndike

• John Watson

• Ivan Pavlov

• Martin Seligman

An American psychologist who specializes in the involvement of COGNITIVE processes in classical conditioning focusing on animal learning and behavior.

• Martin Seligman

• Robert Rescorla

• Ivan Pavlov

• Edward Tolman

Influential psychologist conducting research on operant conditioning; animals and humans can be trained using positive and negative reinforcement; as well as positive and negative punishment.

• B.F. Skinner

• Albert Bandura

• John Garcia

• Walter Mischel

Famous in psychology for his work on learning theory that lead to the development of operant conditioning within behaviorism; law of effect theory..."reward behavior is likely to occur again."

• John Garcia

• John Watson

• Edward Thorndike

• Walter Mischel

This person is an influential social cognitive psychologist who is perhaps best known for his social learning theory, the concept of self-efficacy, and his famous Bobo doll experiments.

• John B. Watson

• Edward Tolman

• Robert Rescorla

• Albert Bandura

American psychologist best known for his groundbreaking study on delayed gratification known as “the marshmallow test.”

• Ivan Pavlov

• Walter Mischel

• Martin Seligman

• Robert Rescorla