Ôn tập leadership

Which of the following is not one of the managerial roles proposed by Mintzberg?

• leader

• conflict manager

• figurehead

• resource allocator

In traditional organizations, employees are primarily responsible for ________ while leaders are responsible for ________.

• controlling; quality

• planning; controlling

• preparing; implementing

• production; planning

Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, considers which of the following to be key to leadership?

• communication

• human asset

• human capital

• empowerment

Various definitions of leadership include all but one of the following:

• Control

• Goal achievement

• Influence process

• Group phenomenon

According to Fred Luthans, effective managers focus on ________ while successful managers focus on ________.

• goal achievement; stock prices

• change management; employee satisfaction

• employee satisfaction; quick promotions

• stakeholders; goal achievement

Hùng, a salesperson for ABC, Inc., relies heavily on his supervisor to provide annual goals and direction was well as to clarify activities for the upcoming year. Which reason for ‘why we need leaders’ best fits this situation?

• to accomplish tasks

• to make sense of the world

• to be romantic ideals

• to keep groups orderly and focused

Factors fueling changes in organizations and their leaderships are:

• Changes in demography and people’ life-styles.

• Increased global and local competitions, specially in technology.

• Worldwide political changes.

• All of the above.

Harry Triandis proposes that the concept of Hofstede' uncertainty avoidance dimension can be further refined by:

• looking at how uncertainty avoidance is different in vertical and horizontal cultures.

• introducing the concept of tight and loose cultures to uncertainty avoidance.

• adding the concept of time orientation to tolerance for uncertainty.

• combining context and individuality to explain uncertainty avoidance.

By Hoftstede, compared to the United States, Japanese culture tends to be___________:

• lower on power distance but higher on uncertainty avoidance.

• higher both on power distance and uncertainty avoidance.

• lower on both power distance and uncertainty avoidance.

• higher on power distance but lower on uncertainty avoidance.

Possible causes for Gender Inequality in organization include_______:

• Women are less educated, not as mentally strong and smart as men.

• Persistence discrimination against female/women.

• Women only prefer careers like secretaries, school teachers, nurses .....

• Women are less committed to work, take time off to have babies.