Chemical Bonding and Reactions

1. What is a chemical bond?

• a momentary attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that drives chemical changes

• a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds

• an unstable attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that

  causes the breakdown of chemical compounds

• a weak attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that facilitates the creation of new matter

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How do valence electrons affect atoms?

• Valence electrons determine how an atom will bond with another atom or if it will fail to react chemically.

• Valence electrons have a significant effect on the atomic mass of atoms.

• Valence electrons have no effect on the atom.

• The ability of an atom to form a chemical bond with another atom is inversely proportional to the number of valence electrons the atom has.

When is an atom considered to be stable?

• when it has equal numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons

• when it has 4 valence electrons

• when it is a cation

• when its outermost energy level is full

Which elements on the periodic table have stable atoms?

• Group 1 (alkali metals)

• Group 2 (alkaline earth metals)

• Group 17 (halogens)

• Group 18 (noble gases)

In an ionic bond, electrons are:

(a)  

In a covalent bond, electrons are:

(a)  

A cation:

• has a positive charge

• has a negative charge

• has transferred its electrons to another atom

• has gained electrons from another atom

An anion:

• has a positive charge

• has a negative charge

• has transferred its electrons to another atom

• has gained electrons from another atom

1. A structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds is called a (a)   .

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How will sodium and chlorine react chemically?

• Sodium will share electrons with chlorine, creating a covalent bond.

• Chlorine will transfer its electrons to sodium, making both elements chemically stable.

• Sodium will transfer its one valence electro to chlorine to form a compound.

• They won't react. Chlorine is a halogen.

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