Geologic History of Earth

Rock strata

• A layer of sedimentary rock(沉积岩) having approximately the same composition throughout

• Sedimentary rock forms when particles of other rocks are deposited in layers and are compacted (crushed together) and cemented (binding of the sediments). 沉积岩是由岩石颗粒经过地层挤压沉积而形成的。

• The mineralized （矿物化的）remains （遗留）of organisms and the rock layers in which they are found, showing when and where long-dead organisms lived and how their bodies were structured

• System of chronological measurement（漫长的计量方法) that relates stratigraphy (study of rock layers) to time

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What is a bed or layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout?沉积岩中拥有相同组成的岩层称之为？

• fossil record

• Rock strata

• index fossil

• geological time scale

In the image, fern fossils （蕨类化石） are found in a sedimentary rock layer（沉积岩层中）. In the layer below and above are fossils of shells. （该岩层的上下层都是壳类化石）What can we conclude about the areas where the fossils were found?（关于化石的顺序，你能得出什么结论？）

• Wet forest, followed by ocean, followed by sandy 先有湿地森林，再有海洋，再有沙地

• Rocky, followed by sandy, followed by wet forest 先有岩态地形，再有沙地，再有湿地森林

• Forest, followed by sandy, followed by ocean 先有森林，再有沙地，再有海洋

• Ocean, followed by wet forest, followed by ocean 先有海洋，再有湿地森林，再有海洋

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

How old is Earth?

• 4.6 billion years

• 6.4 billion years

• 5.6 billion years

• 13.7 billion years

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

When was the big bang?

• 4.6 billion years

• 14.6 billion years

• 13.7 billion years

• 6.4 billion years

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Geologic time scale

• System of chronological measurement that relates stratigraphy (study of rock layers) to time记录岩层事件的漫长的测量系统

• A bed or layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout 是拥有近似相同组成的沉积岩岩层

• The mineralized remains of organisms, showing how long-dead organisms lived and how their bodies were structured 动植物矿化的遗留物，展示了动植物生活的年代以及组成部分

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The mineralized remains of organisms, showing how long-dead organisms lived and how their bodies were structured 动植物矿化的遗留物，展示了动植物生存的年代以及生命组成。

• Rock strata （Rock Layers）

• Fossils

• Sedimentary rock 沉积岩

• Geologic time scale

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Geologist（地质学家） can look at fossils and determine （判定）the climate （气候）during that era （时代）by comparing similar species that live now and the – 通过对比生活在现在的类似的物种以及--，地质学家可以通过化石来判定当时那个时代的气候。

• Climate in which they live 它们居住的气候

• Food they consume 它们消耗的食物

• Shelter in which they live 它们居住的环境

• Thickness of their shells 它们壳类的厚度

What is stratigraphy?

• The study of mountains 山脉学

• The study of the rock layers 岩层学

• The study of strategies 策略学

• The study of Earth 地球学

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The mineralized （矿化的）remains of organisms and the rock layers in which they are found, showing when and where long-dead organisms lived and how their bodies were structured

• Rock Strata

• Index Fossil

• Fossils Records

• Geologic time scale

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2