5.7A Formation of Sedimentary Rocks and Fossil Fuels

1. The formation of fossil fuels is a process that takes millions of years and starts with energy from the Sun. The Sun contributes to the formation of fossil fuels by –

• heating up the Earth’s core where fossil fuels form

• generating winds, so humans use less fossil fuels

• giving energy to the living things that become fossil fuels

• giving off heat, similar to burning fossil fuels

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2. Oil formation starts when organisms in the ocean die and then –

• get eaten by larger organisms that receive their energy

• are carried by currents all over the planet

• decay completely so that their matter is recycled

• settle to the bottom and are buried in sediments

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3. Most sedimentary rock forms in the ocean. This is because oceans –

• emit much less pollution than most other habitats

• receive the majority of the Sun’s energy

• have fewer plants and animals than on land

• are where most bits of broken rock get deposited

4. The features of two groups of natural resources are listed here. Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources because of which feature?

• Where they come from

• How long they take to form

• How they are produced

• How useful they are

5. What feature is the same in the formation of many sedimentary rocks and all fossil fuels? Many sedimentary rocks and all fossil fuels -

• require material to be buried and exposed to heat and pressure

• are made out of organic material that stores the Sun’s energy

• form where there are frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity

• are produced high in the mountains where temperatures are low

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6. Sedimentary rocks form when broken bits of other rock are deposited and then –

• melted by the heat of the Earth’s core

• completely dissolved in salt water in the ocean

• buried and squeezed and cemented together

• used by humans as a natural resource

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7. Fossil fuels form in sedimentary rocks when –

• plants use the nutrients in sediments to grow

• organic matter is buried along with sediments

• rivers carry sediments down mountainsides

• sediments are used by humans as a resource

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8. Oil formation occurs where, millions of years ago, there were large oceans. This is because oceans have –

• waves that are constantly moving

• currents that mix the water thoroughly

• deep caverns where no light can reach

• great numbers of tiny marine animals

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9. In addition to long periods of time, all of the following are necessary for the formation of fossil fuels EXCEPT –

• extreme heat

• organic matter

• volcanic eruption

• intense pressure

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10. Several layers of sedimentary rock are illustrated. They are in the same order as when they first formed. Which layer formed first?

• Rock Layer W

• Rock Layer X

• Rock Layer Y

• Rock Layer Z

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