Mumbai - Growth

Rural to urban migration and natural increase.

• What are examples of push factors?

• Why has Mumbai grown so much?

• Where are the citizens from Mumbai from?

• Why is the population of rural areas decreasing?

There are few jobs in rural areas apart from working on the land. There are few opportunities and education is poor. People live in a cycle of poverty.

• What are the reasons that push people from rural areas?

• What are the reasons that pull people to rural areas?

• What are the reasons that push people from urban areas?

Most migrants move to Maharashtra from the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Karnataka.

• Why are areas of Mumbai growing?

• Why are most migrants to Mumbai permanent?

• From which areas of India are most of the migrants from?

Maharashtra receives the most because it is the wealthiest and it has the most employment.

• Why does Maharashtra receive the most migrants compared to other states?

• What are Maharashtra's push factors?

• From which areas of India are most of the migrants from?

Because Mumbai has better education (literacy rate 95%), higher incomes and more jobs.

• Why are most migrants to Mumbai permanent? (ie. not going to move back)

• What are Mumbai's push factors?

• What are the environmental pull factors of Mumbai?

Natural increase. Mumbai’s natural increase accounts for half of Mumbai’s yearly growth!

• How has natural increase caused the population to grow?

• What is name for the term for when death rate exceeds birth rate?

• How has rural-to-urban migration caused the population to grow?

Most migrants are young; in their 20s and 30s and whilst looking for work, they stay and settle. Once married they start families.

• Why do people migrate to Mumbai?

• What are the pull factors for Mumbai?

• How has natural increase caused the population of Mumbai to grow?

Mumbai has grown in size from 68km2 to 370km2 (Suburban areas) to 603km2 - the metropolitan district, including areas like Navi Mumbai.

• How has the population of Mumbai grown?

• What is Mumbai's spatial growth like?

• What is the rate of migration?

The middle classes are moving out of Mumbai to Navi Mumbai because the city has become too congested. Navi Mumbai has larger buildings with floor sizes, and affordable prices. The land is planned out with entertainment zones and shopping areas.

• Why are new slums like Navi Mumbai developing?

• Why are rural areas like Navi Mumbai developing?

• Why are new suburbs like Navi Mumbai developing?

Investment has grown in services like banking, IT, call centres, manufacturing: textiles and engineering and entertainment and leisure. It has put pressure on the land in the CBD making it the world’s fourth expensive cities!

• What are the rural push factors?

• What impact has international migration to Mumbai had?

• What impact has economic investment had on Mumbai?