Thermal Energy and Heat

An object’s temperature

• always stays the same.

• can only be raised a certain amount.

• is the same as all objects surrounding it.

• can change depending on its environment.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Kinetic energy in an object is determined by

• speed only.

• speed and mass.

• speed and distance.

• velocity and mass.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

If particles of matter are all the same mass, what determines differences in kinetic energy?

• Differences in kinetic energy are determined by unknown factors.

• Differences in kinetic energy are determined by speed.

• Differences in energy are determined by how much mass is present.

• Differences in kinetic energy are determined by how quickly an object gains thermal energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

If particles of oxygen have twice as much mass as a particle of water, which has a higher temperature if their speeds are the same?

• water particles

• oxygen particles

• They have the same temperature.

• There is not enough information to determine which has a higher temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The thermal energy of a system includes

• a heat source and particles of matter.

• particles of matter that are the same size.

• the kinetic energy of particles and potential energy of interactions between particles.

• the gravitational and magnetic potential energy of interacting particles.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines a system’s thermal energy?

• state of matter

• mass of the system

• substance it is made of

• the location of the system

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Thermal energy in a system

• increases as mass decreases.

• increases as mass increases.

• decreases as mass increases.

• is always the same regardless of mass.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which object has more thermal energy?

• 1 g of boiling water

• 10 g of boiling water

• 100 g of boiling water

• 1000 g of boiling water

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Why would a large iceberg have more thermal energy than a cup of boiling water?

• Ice has more thermal energy than boiling water.

• The iceberg has more total particles than a cup of boiling water.

• The individual particles of the iceberg have less thermal energy than the individual particles of a cup of boiling water.

• The individual particles of the iceberg have more thermal energy than the individual particles of a cup of boiling water.

Matter that stores more potential energy

• is unable to store a significant amount of thermal energy.

• can store an equal amount of thermal energy in the bonds of its particles.

• generally has less thermal energy than the same mass of matter that stores less potential energy.

• generally has more thermal energy than the same mass of matter that stores less potential energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2