CONSTRUCTION SHIFT

Revise each of the following sentences according to the directions that follow it. Do not change the meaning of the original sentences.

The Conservatives did not expect to be removed from government in the last elections.

Change did to had

• expect

• expected

• expecting

• to expect

Reconstruct the original sentence by following the directions given. In doing so, retain the meaning of the original sentence, select from options (a) to (d) the word or phrase that you have included in your sentence. Your reconstructed sentence must contain one of these options.

I would have assisted in the planning of the event if the organisers had requested me to do so.

Begin with: Had the organisers requested ...

• I would assist

• I would have assisted

• I will have assisted

• I will assist

Reconstruct the original sentence by following the directions given. In doing so, retain the meaning of the original sentence, select from options (a) to (d) the word or phrase that you have included in your sentence. Your reconstructed sentence must contain one of these options.

Excellent performance by students in the examination requires devotion to academic studies.

Begin with: To perform with excellence...

• students require to

• students will require to

• students may require to

• students are required to

Reconstruct the original sentence by following the directions given. In doing so, retain the meaning of the original sentence, select from options (a) to (d) the word or phrase that you have included in your sentence. Your reconstructed sentence must contain one of these options.

More enthusiasm is shown by people who commit themselves to a cause than by those who are indifferent.

Begin with: People who committed to a cause...

• show more enthusiasm

• have shown more enthusiasm

• will show more enthusiasm

• have more enthusiasm

Reconstruct the original sentence by following the directions given. In doing so, retain the meaning of the original sentence, select from options (a) to (d) the word or phrase that you have included in your sentence. Your reconstructed sentence must contain one of these options.

A doctor is not likely to perform competently in her field of specialisation unless she first acquires adequate experience.

Change UNLESS to WITHOUT

• she first acquires

• her first acquires

• first acquiring

• first having to acquire

Reconstruct the original sentence by following the directions given. In doing so, retain the meaning of the original sentence, select from options (a) to (d) the word or phrase that you have included in your sentence. Your reconstructed sentence must contain one of these options.

"I'm sorry I could not attend the concert," said Amanda.

Begin with: Amanda apologised ...

• having not attended

• that she did not attend

• for not being able to attend

• for her not able to attend

Reconstruct the original sentence by following the directions given. In doing so, retain the meaning of the original sentence, select from options (a) to (d) the word or phrase that you have included in your sentence. Your reconstructed sentence must contain one of these options.

Ballet dancing is an exquisite art, requiring immense concentration and constant practice.

Begin with: An exquisite art, ...

• is ballet dancing requires

• ballet dancing requires

• in requiring immense concentration

• will require immense concentration

Reconstruct the original sentence by following the directions given. In doing so, retain the meaning of the original sentence, select from options (a) to (d) the word or phrase that you have included in your sentence. Your reconstructed sentence must contain one of these options.

Without preparation for the interview, Joseph acquitted himself with distinction.

Begin with: Although...

• not preparing

• without preparation

• he did not prepare

• having no preparation

Reconstruct the original sentence by following the directions given. In doing so, retain the meaning of the original sentence, select from options (a) to (d) the word or phrase that you have included in your sentence. Your reconstructed sentence must contain one of these options.

The witness said, " I was not at the scene of the accident."

Begin with: The witness denied ...

• to be at the scene

• that he was at the scene

• in being at the scene

• having to be at the scene

Reconstruct the original sentence by following the directions given. In doing so, retain the meaning of the original sentence, select from options (a) to (d) the word or phrase that you have included in your sentence. Your reconstructed sentence must contain one of these options.

To complete the job in record time, we need to employ more persons.

Begin with: So that ...

• the job will be completed

• completing the job

• the job could be completed

• to complete the job