Mineralogy

Define a mineral

• A solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure, that occurs naturally in pure form

• several thousand known mineral species, about 100 of which constitute the major mineral components of rocks; these are the so-called rock-forming minerals.

Write the four defining characteristics that determine if a substance is a mineral.

• Naturally occurring

• Inorganic

• Crystalline solids

• Have a consistent chemical composition

• Hot magma

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

What are two ways a mineral can be formed?

• Magma as it cools

• Water evaporation

• Hot magma

• Rocks

How does the rate of cooling affect the crystal size?

• The longer the cooling rate, the larger the crystals

• The longer the cooling rate, the shorter the crystals

• The shorter the cooling rate, the larger the crystals

• The shorter the cooling rate, the shorter the crystals

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What are the characteristics of Silicates?

• Contains a combination of silicon and oxygen

  Most common type

  Makes up 96% of the earth's crust

• Contains Carbonate (CO₃)

  Component of concrete and fireworks

• Contains chlorine or fluorine combines with potassium or calcium

  Used in salt, detergents, and fertilizer

• Not combined with other elements

  Used in precious gems and electronics

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

What are the characteristics of Carbonates?

• Contains a combination of silicon and oxygen

  Most common type

  Makes up 96% of the earth's crust

• Contains Carbonate (CO₃)

  Component of concrete and fireworks

• Contains chlorine or fluorine combines with potassium or calcium

  Used in salt, detergents, and fertilizer

• Not combined with other elements

  Used in precious gems and electronics

What are the characteristics of Halides?

• Contains a combination of silicon and oxygen

  Most common type

  Makes up 96% of the earth's crust

• Contains Carbonate (CO₃)

  Component of concrete and fireworks

• Contains chlorine or fluorine combines with potassium or calcium

  Used in salt, detergents, and fertilizer

• Not combined with other elements

  Used in precious gems and electronics

What are the characteristics of Native Elements?

• Contains a combination of silicon and oxygen

  Most common type

  Makes up 96% of the earth's crust

• Contains Carbonate (CO₃)

  Component of concrete and fireworks

• Contains chlorine or fluorine combines with potassium or calcium

  Used in salt, detergents, and fertilizer

• Not combined with other elements

  Used in precious gems and electronics

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

What are the characteristics of Oxides?

• Contains oxygen and elements other than silicon

  Used in abrasives

• Contains a sulfate group (SO₄)

  Used for drywall, makeup, paint, and toothpaste

• Consists of one or more elements combined with sulfur

  Used in batteries and medicine

What are the characteristics of Sulfates?

• Contains oxygen and elements other than silicon

  Used in abrasives

• Contains a sulfate group (SO₄)

  Used for drywall, makeup, paint, and toothpaste

• Consists of one or more elements combined with sulfur

  Used in batteries and medicine