Arguments in Action Higher Revision

Which of the following correctly describe an argument? (select all that apply)

• It has a truth value

• An argument can prove or refute

• An argument can assert or deny

• An argument can be strong/cogent sound/unsound

"An Argument is just a collection of sentences" Is this true? (click all that apply)

• Yes because a statement is a type of sentence

• Yes because all sentences can be turned into premises

• No because not all sentences are statements and only statements can be used in arguments

• No because three unrelated sentences won't make an argument

“All cats like fish so Tiddles likes fish.” Identify the hidden premise

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All cats have tails, Max is a cat, therefore Max has a tail” Which of the following best describes this argument

• Valid and sound

• Valid and unsound

• Invalid and unsound

• Invalid and sound

‘A square has 4 sides. A triangle has 3 sides. Therefore, a square has more sides than a triangle.’ Arguments are often evaluated in terms of the acceptability, relevance and sufficiency of their premises. Choose one of the premises in the above argument. What makes this premise acceptable?

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What is the basic definition of a fallacy?

• A wrong argument

• A person insulting the arguer

• An error in reasoning

• A premise that is implied but not stated

What are two common features of inductive arguments?

• If you take the premises to be true, then the conclusion must necessarily follow

• They have probable rather than certain conclusions

• They are described as cogent rather than valid

• They are described as valid rather than cogent

What is the difference between a formal and informal fallacy? (tick all that apply)

• A formal fallacy has an invalid structure

• An informal fallacy could have a valid structure, but is unreliable because the premises are misleading or false

• An informal fallacy has an invalid structure

• A formal fallacy could have a valid structure, but is unreliable because the premises are false or misleading

What is a sound argument?

• A valid argument that has true premises

• An invalid argument that has false premises

• A valid argument that has false premises

• An inductive argument

All mammals have eyes, all monkeys have eyes, So all monkeys are mammals. Is this a sound argument?

• Yes, this is valid and sound because the conclusion is true

• No, although the conclusion is true, it doesn't follow from the premises which make it invalid and therefore unsound