Chemical & Microscopic Examination of Urine

How will erythrocytes appear in hypotonic urine?

• Biconcave discs

• crenated

• lysed

• ghost cell

Glitter cells are:

• crenated rbcs

• infected tubular cells

• macrophages with inclusions

• swollen leukocytes

The order of cast degradation is:

• Cellular - granular - waxy

• Cellular - hyaline - waxy

• Hyaline - cellular - waxy

• Hyaline - granular - waxy

It is a microscopic technique that aids in the identification of the causative agent of Syphilis.

• Interference contrast

• Phase-contrast

• Polarizing microscopy

• Dark field microscopy

The confirmatory test for bilirubin

• Clinitest

• Ictotest

• Acetest

• Micral test

dumbbell or oval-shaped crystals

• Amorphous urates

• Uric Acid

• Calcium oxalate monohydrate

• Calcium oxalate dihydrate

Yellow brown, whetstone is a characteristic of this crystal.

• Uric Acid

• Urates

• CaOx dihydrate

• CaOx monohydrate

Thorny apple crystals:

• Ammonium biurate

• Calcium carbonate

• Triple phosphate

• Amorphous phosphates

Colorless needles that tend to form bundles following refrigeration or overdosage of medication.

• Cystine

• Bilirubin

• Cholesterol

• Ampicillin

Produces three-dimensional microscopy image.

• Phas microscopy

• Polarized microscopy

• Interference-contrast

• Dark-field microscopy