1.3 The Organized Labor Movement

Business owners generally paid low wages in factories because

• government regulation lowered production costs.

• They wanted to maximize worker productivity.

• keeping wages low meant lower production costs.

• labor unions were focused on worker safety rather than pay.

Child labor laws were passed in response to

• conflicting state regulations about children's rights.

• children's lack of productivity in the work place.

• the increasing costs of employer-provided day care.

• children's health issues and lack of school attendance.

Labor unions generally formed as a result of

• business owners' desire for workers to organize.

• federal legislation mandating workers' rights.

• workers' efforts to improve working conditions and increase wages.

• workers' pressure on the government to enact safety regulations.

Compared to the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor was

• more focused on specific issues, like wages and working conditions.

• more successful immediately.

• more open to all workers.

• more Socialist in its efforts.

Why did the federal government become involved in the American Railway Union's strike against Pullman?

• It was an unusually violent strike.

• It targeted only trains that had Pullman cars on them.

• IT was the first successful strike in some time.

• It involved interstate commerce and mail movement.