Neobehaviorism: E. C. Tolman

Edward C. Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called ____.​

• molar behavior

• stimulus-response associations

• intervening behaviorism

• purposive behaviorism

For Tolman, the obvious and objective behavioral evidence of purpose was ____.​

• that the rat readily leaves the start box of a maze

• that the rat behaves so as to obtain food

• learning

• sign Gestalt

Which of the following did Tolman not consider to be a cause of behavior?​

• environmental stimuli

• physiological drives

• heredity

• motivation

Tolman specified that the independent variables (stimuli) affect processes within the organism. These processes then control the occurrence of behavior (response). These internal processes are known as ____.

• operational variables

• mental sets

• cognitive variables

• intervening variables

For Tolman, each experience with a task strengthens the relationship between cues in the environment and the organism's ___.

• learned responses

• learned associations

• expectations

• response cues

According to Tolman's learning theory, as a rat learns all of the sign-Gestalt relationships in a maze, the rat has acquired a ____.

• habit

• drive

• cognitive map

• tropism

From 1930 until the 1960s, the ____ was the primary research subject for the neobehaviorists and learning theorists.

• human being

• white man

• white bunny

• white rat

It was assumed by Tolman and others that research on white rats would ____.

• demonstrate the role of reinforcement in learning

• provide the basic foundation from which other studies could be devised in order to replicate the results with other species

• provide insights into the basic processes underlying the behavior of humans and other animals

• yield basic information on motivation and motivation

Tolman argued that factors within the organism are the actual causes of behavior.​

• True

• False

Tolman's intervening variables were not accepted by mainstream psychology because they could not be operationally defined.​

• True

• False