Effects of brain trauma on memory

A neurodegenerative disease is best described as a

• brain trauma.

• brain injury.

• brain-related disorder associated with older people.

• progressive decline in the structure and/or function of brain neurons.

Anterograde amnesia involves loss of memory of events occuring

• backward in time.

• before brain trauma.

• after brain trauma.

• before or after brain trauma.

Someone with anterograde amnesia involving only semantic and episodic memories probably experioenced brain trauma that impacted on the

• synapse.

• hippocampus.

• amygdala.

• cerebellum.

Which structure is primarily involved in memory formation of classically conditioned fear responses?

• cerebellum.

• hippocampus.

• cerebral cortex.

• amygdala.

On recovering consciousness, a cyclist who was knocked unconscious in an accident is unable to recall events that occurred in the half hour or so before the accident. How would this amnesia be explained by the consolidation processes?

• lack of time for consolidation of sensory information in short-term memory

• lack of time for completion of structural changes in neurons and synapses

• lack of attention during the half hour before the brain trauma

• lack of processing by the hippocampus in the parietal lobe

The amygdala is located

• in the medial lobe.

• next to the hippocampus.

• in the cerebral cortex.

• next to the temporal medial lobe.

Brain surgery resulting in severe damage to both amygdalae is unlikely to affect

• retrieval of the details of an emotional memory such as where and when it was experienced.

• acquisition of a conditioned fear response.

• expression of a fight, flight or freeze reaction to a conditioned fear stimulus.

• implicit, classically conditioned memory formation.

Studies of animals and people with brain damage provide evidence that the ___________ stores some relatively simple classically conditioned motor responses.

• cerebellum

• hippocampus

• cerebral cortex

• amygdala

Studies of patients with brain damage indicate that short-term memories are probably formed and stored in the

• hippocampus.

• amygdala.

• cerebral cortex.

• cerebellum.

Damage to the amygdala impairs the

• recall of long-term memories.

• consolidation of emotionally arousing memories.

• consolidation of new short-term memories.

• recall of existing explicit memories.