10.4 - Substitution reactions

A substitution reaction is when:

• A substituent is added to an organic compound.

• A substituent is removed from an organic compound.

• Two compounds are combined to form a new compound.

• A substituent is replaced with another substituent on an organic compound.

What are the conditions for forming a haloalkane from an alkane? Select all that apply.

• Halogen gas

• UV light

• Low temperatures

• Metal catalyst

• High pressures

Which of the following are possible products from the chlorination of ethane using UV light? Select all that apply.

• chloroethane

• 1,1-dichloroethane

• 1,2-dichloroethane

• 1,1,1-trichloroethane

• 1,1,2-trichloroethane

Why is it preferable to form a haloalkane from the addition of an alkene rather than the substitution of an alkane?

• Unpredictable products from substitution

• Reaction conditions are more dangerous for substitution

• Reaction rate is much slower for substitution

• Alkanes are less reactive than alkenes

Identify the major product of this reaction.

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A scientist wishes to prepare propan-2-ol using the reaction shown, but instead formed propene as the major product.

How should they change the reaction? Select all that apply.

• Lower the concentration of NaOH

• Replace water with ethanol as solvent

• Lower the temperature

• Replace 2-bromopropane with 1-bromopropane

Which of the haloalkanes is most likely to undergo substitution reactions?

• Alkyl fluorides

• Alkyl chlorides

• Alkyl bromides

• Alkyl iodides

Which of the haloalkanes does not typically undergo substitution reactions, due to low reactivity?

• Alkyl fluorides

• Alkyl chlorides

• Alkyl bromides

• Alkyl iodides

Using IUPAC nomenclature rules, identify a possible starting reagent when producing hexan-3-amine using concentrated ammonia in ethanol.

[There are a number of possible answers; only one needs to be selected, as long as it is named correctly]