Genetic Engineering

Which one of the following statements is an accurate description of genes?

• DNA is made of carbohydrates that code for genes

• Genes are made of DNA and code for proteins.

• Genes are made of proteins that code for nitrogen bases.

• Proteins are made of genes and code for DNA

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As a way to reduce the number of cases of malaria, a human tropical disease, a specific DNA sequence is inserted into the reproductive cells of Anopheles mosquitoes. Which process was most likely used to alter these mosquitoes?

• random mutations

• cloning studies

• natural selection

• genetic engineering

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Scientists have developed the ability to manufacture hormones, such as human growth hormone, using bacteria. One benefit of this new technology is that

• patients can spend more money on their medications

• scientists produce drugs that cause more immune reactions

• scientists can use only one type of bacteria

• bacteria are relatively inexpensive and reproduce quickly

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The process shown below is used to

• identify the father of a newborn

• produce a hormone to regulate blood sugar

• produce human hormone

• determine if a person has a genetic disease

In the diagram, what was used to "cut" the DNA?

• enzymes

• genes

• receptors

• clones

A farmer grows beans that he sells to local markets. Over a period of 40 years, the farmer has identified the plants that produced the most beans and only used those beans to produce new plants. This procedure is part of the process of

• selective breeding

• replication

• cloning

• gene splicing

In 1996, scientists cloned the first mammal, a sheep. This technique involved the removal of the nucleus from an egg cell. The nucleus from a cell of another adult sheep was then inserted into this egg cell. Once this cell began to develop into an embryo, it was implanted into a third female sheep that later gave birth to a healthy lamb, Dolly. Which one of the following statements concerning Dolly is correct?

• Her offspring would be genetically identical.

• Dolly was produced by the recombination of genetic material.

• Dolly and her DNA donor are genetically identical.

• Two different gametes were manipulated to produce Dolly

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Scientists have successfully cloned animals, including large mammals such as sheep. Which one of the following statements provides the most likely reason that a human has not yet been cloned?

• Human genes are made of too many different types of simple sugars.

• Humans have DNA that is structurally very different from other mammals.

• Some people consider human genetic experiments unethical.

• Cloning can only be performed on animals that normally reproduce asexually.

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Domestic horses have a greater diversity of coat colors than that of wild horses. The process that led to a greater diversity of coat colors in domestic horses is

• selective breeding

• random mutation

• gene alteration

• natural selection

Although a liver cell and a muscle cell in a human developed from the same single cell, their appearance and functions are different. This is because the liver cell

• expresses different genes than the muscle cell

• contains different genes than the muscle cell

• lacks the genes found in muscle cells

• destroys the muscle cell genes it contains

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