Unit 1 Scientific Foundations

Samantha believes that all behavior originates from unconscious forces developed primarily on sex and aggression. With what approach to psychology is Samantha most likely to agree?

• Behavioral

• Functionalist

• Humanistic

• Psychoanalytic

• Social-Cultural

Katelyn is struggling in school and fighting frequently with her parents. She is not sure about her future and what she wants to study in college. With which of the following statements about Katelyn would a humanistic psychologist most likely agree?

• Katelyn will work to the best of her ability to get her life back on track

• Katelyn has been shaped by her parent’s dysfunctional relationship and will have a difficult time forming deep relationships in the future.

• Katelyn is overthinking her problems, which are minor, and the misconception of the scope of the problem is inflating their importance.

• Katelyn has learned from her peers to treat her parents badly and to not put forth her best effort in schoo. Because this behavior is reversed by her friends, it will continue in the future.

• Katelyn’s problem is the result of changing hormone; once these level out, she will be able to concentrate on her goals and relationship.

How does the humanistic approach to psychology differ from the psychoanalytic approach?

• The humanistic approach studies thinking, and the psychoanalytic approach focuses on learning through rewards and punishments.

• The humanistic approach focuses on learning through rewards and punishment, while the psychoanalytic approach emphasizes the importance of the uncounscious.

• The humanistic approach focuses on striving to be one’s best, while the psychoanalytic approach emphasizes the uncounscious and sex and aggression.

• The humanistic approach emphasizes one’s religion and family, while the psychoanalytic approach emphasizes the uncounscious sex and aggression,

• The humanistic approach focuses on the good in all people, while the psychoanalytic approach emphasizes the impact of one’s religion and peer group.

Edward Titchener followed the structuralist approach to examine human consciousness, with which of the following would be agree?

• We can only study people through direct observation and learning through rewards and punishments.

• We must examine the uncounscious forces which influence an individual’s behavior.

• We must examine how a person functions as a whole.

• We can use the process of introspection by asking people about their response to specific stimuli.

• We must examine problem solving and perception to better understand human consciousness.

Read the following quotation and answer the question that follows.

“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select—doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. (1930)”

To whom would the above statement most likely be attributed?

• Sigmund Freud

• John Watson

• Carl Rodgers

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Descartes

Benjamin helps design cars that are easy to drive and intuitive to use. It is most likely that Benjamin is engaged in which of the following fields of psychology?

• Industrial-organizational

• Human Factors

• Community

• Cognitive

• Psychometric

Denise just transferred from another school. She is having trouble adjusting to her new environment because she is very shy and is finding it difficult to make friends. Which of the following types of psychologist might best help Denise work through this adjustment period?

• Clinical

• Personality

• Human Factors

• Educational

• Counseling

Which of the following best describes how psychiatrists most often treat patients?

• Through intensive psychoanalysis

• Through behavioral therapy

• Through medication management

• In partnership with psychologists

• Through dream analysis

According to one theory of psychology, many people have mental illnesses because their maladaptive behaviors have proven rewarding for them in the past and thus have been continued. This belief is consistent with which of the following models?

• Cognitive

• Psychodynamic

• Biological

• Sociocultural

• Behavioral

Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, “Psychology should investigate only behaviors that can be observed”?

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Sigmund Freud

• John B Watson

• William James

• Carl Rodgers