A coup brain injury occurs when?

• Brain strikes the skull at the same side as the strike or trauma

• Brain strikes the opposite side of the strike or trauma

• Brain strikes the floor of the cranial fossa

A countercoup brain injury occurs when?

• Brain strikes the same side as the strike or trauma

• Brain strikes the opposite side of the strike or trauma

• Brain strikes the floor of the cranial cavity

• Brain strikes the roof of the cranial cavity

When do cerebral contusions most often occur?

• Mild Trauma

• Bullet Wounds

• Moderate/Severe Trauma

• Iatrogenic

Concussions present with?

• Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15

• Confusion and Amnesia

• No memory of accident/events immediate before/after injury

• All choices are correct

What areas of the brain are usually affected by cerebral contusions?

• Orbital Surfaces of Frontal Lobe + Tips Of Temporal Lobe

• Orbital Surfaces of Parietal Lobe + Tips Of Occipital Lobe

• Surface of Temporal Lobe + Tips Of Parietal Lobe

• Tips Of Temporal Lobe

Diffuse axonal injury occurs most frequently in?

• Slap on the Head and Sports

• MVA's and Blows to Unsupported Head

• Iatrogenic

• Slip and Falls

In diffuse axonal injury, the cerebrum ___ around the brainstem.

• Flexes (Axons Stretch, Twist, Tear)

• Extends (Axons Stretch, Twist, Tear)

• Pivots (Axons Stretch, Twist, Tear)

• Hemorrhages (Axons Stretch, Twist, Tear)

Where is brain damage most severe in diffuse axonal injury?

• Left Temporal Lobe

• Occipital Lobe

• Frontal Right Lobe

• Midline Structures

Axonal distortion + stretching causes efflux of ___ to ECF and influx of ___ into axons.

• K+ ; Ca++

• Na+ ; Mg++

• PO4+ ; Ca++

• Ca++ ; Na+

After K+ and Ca++ changes occur in diffuse axonal injury, what neurotransmitter is released?

• Nitric Oxide = Excitotoxic Cascade

• Glutamate = Excitotoxic Cascade

• Urea = Excitotoxic Cascade

• Acetylcholine = Excitotoxic Cascade