Unit 6 Review

Choose all of the statements that are true:

• Mutations can be beneficial.

• Mutations are a change in the genotype of an organism.

• Mutations are adaptations to the environment.

• Mutations are always a change in an organism’s DNA.

• Mutations occur when DNA comes from another source other than the parents.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

These finches are different species of finches that live on the Galápagos Islands. The current theory is that 13 different species evolved from one species of finch that flew to the islands from mainland Ecuador hundreds of thousands of years ago.

Choose all of the correct statements:

• If the environment changes, finches with beaks that are better adapted have a better chance of surviving to reproduce.

• Different environments select for different beak adaptations.

• Finches must adapt their beak to the environment or they will die.

• Speciation occurred when populations of finches became isolated from each other and after a long time could no longer mate.

• Finches flew to a different island because their beak was better adapted to food there.

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“Mutations are random. Natural selection is not.” Which of the following statements support this conclusion?

• Mutations for positive traits are more likely to be passed on to the next generation.

• Mutations are caused by changes in the environment.

• The environment determines if a mutation is positive, negative, or neutral.

• Natural selection favors some mutations and not others.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Peppered moths live in forests in Europe. Coloring is a genetic trait. Some moths are light colored and some are dark. Peppered moths typically live on trees covered by a light-colored lichen. Birds eat moths that they can find. Many years ago, scientists observed that smoke from factories killed the lichen on the trees and the bark appeared darker.

Which statement best explains what happened to the moth population?

• Light-colored moths that survived did not have offspring because their offspring would have been easily seen and eaten by birds.

• Light-colored moths that survived had dark offspring because the change in the environment caused the parents to have offspring that would do better in the new environment.

• Dark-colored moths were less likely to be eaten, so the light-colored moths made themselves dark.

• Dark-colored moths were less likely to be eaten, so their numbers increased.

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Mutations are important because they bring about

• death of the organism in which they develop
• genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
• benefits for the individual, not for the population
• Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

These fossilized jawbones show the changes in organisms over time. According to the diagram, which of these is a likely conclusion based on these fossils?

• Evolution occurs quickly

• These organisms were big and slow-moving.

• These organisms lack similar characteristics in jaw design.

• Evolution occurs over a very long period of time.

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Genetic differences between organisms of the same species

• Variation
• Adaptation
• Behavior
• Environment

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Which process best explains how antibiotic resistance in bacteria can occur? (Mark the one best answer.)

• Bacteria gradually become more resistant to an antibiotic and pass on their resistance to their offspring.

• While being treated with an antibiotic, some bacteria will become stronger and survive to pass on the resistance to their offspring.

• A patient becomes resistant to antibiotics, depending upon the conditions of the hospital.

• Bacteria that already have a genetic resistance to an antibiotic will survive and pass on the resistance to their offspring.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Which of the following conditions are necessary for natural selection to occur within a population? (Mark all that apply.)

• Environmental pressures must be causing some individuals to adapt and reproduce.

• Several species must have recently become extinct.

• Traits must be inherited.

• Variation of traits must exist in a population.

• Individuals with beneficial traits have more offspring than other individuals in a population.

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Which suspect should be charged with the crime?

• Suspect 1

• Suspect 2

• Suspect 3

• None of these suspects