Unit 1: Macromolecules and Enzymes

Carbohydrates are used by the body as a source of quick energy, and are made up of

• carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

• oxygen, hydrogen, and protein.

• potassium, oxygen, and carbon.

• hydrogen, cholesterol, and oxygen.

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Which is the primary energy source for most animals?

• carbohydrates

• proteins

• fiber

• fats

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Approximately 20 amino acids are essential to living systems. How are amino acids linked together to form proteins?

• genetic bonds

• peptide bonds

• acid-base bonds

• hydrogen bonds

Which class of biomolecule includes monosaccharides such as the blood sugar glucose, and the fruit sugar, fructose, which is found in energy drinks?

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

• carbohydrates

Which statement about the function enzymes in living systems is MOST accurate?

• Enzymes are proteins that raise the activation energy for chemical reactions.

• Enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy for chemical reactions.

• Enzymes are nucleic acids that raise the activation energy of chemical reactions.

• Enzymes are nucleic acids that lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Grizzly bears, such as the ones shown, gain 200 to 500 pounds of fat every summer, feasting on salmon, berries, and honey. In winter, almost all of this stored weight is lost during hibernation. What type of stored biomolecules allow the grizzly to hibernate this way, without starving to death?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

What function do phospholipids perform in living organisms?

• They are used for short-term energy storage.

• They serve as the building blocks for proteins.

• They make up the major component of cell membranes.

• They store information in the nucleus of a cell.

Which statement regarding proteins is true?

• Proteins are used to carry the genetic code in the nucleus of a cell.

• Proteins make up most of the cell and tissue structures in animals.

• Proteins are synthesized in the mitochondria of the cell.

• Proteins are the building blocks of amino acids.

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Which statement is correct, with regard to the catalase enzyme catalyzing the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?

• Water is a substrate in this reaction.

• Bonds in the hydrogen peroxide are weakened in catalase's active site, allowing the chemical reaction to occur.

• Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the catalase enzyme.

• The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide would still occur naturally, but occurs less rapidly with the catalase enzyme.

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Edgar, a biochemist, claims to have found a new variety of a type of small biomolecule. Edgar notes that there are now 21 types of this biomolecule instead of the old known 20. The molecule can also be combined with others in its class to produce a wide variety of proteins, some liquid and others solid. What type of biomolecule did Edgar find?

• a nucleic acid

• a monosaccharide

• an amino acid

• a fatty acid

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