Macromolecules Spring 2020

Why are proteins involved in so many different functions in the human body?

• They are present in all types of cells in the body.

• They easily combine with all types of molecules in the body.

• They are small molecules that are capable of diffusing easily through all cell membranes.

• They form numerous structures through different combinations of amino acids.

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Which statement about enzymes is true?

• Enzymes have an active site that has a complementary shape to a substrate.

• Enzymes have an active site that binds to a variety of different substrates.

• Enzymes are not affected by abiotic factors in the environment.

• Enzymes are not affected by biotic factors in the environment.

What type of macromolecules are enzymes?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

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In which form do proteins help transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the human body?

• enzymes

• hemoglobin

• hormones

• keratin

Molecule X is most likely what type of compound?

• carbohydrate

• lipid

• nucleic acid

• protein

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Which statement describes the biological molecule insulin?

• Insulin is a carbohydrate that serves as a component of certain nucleic acids.

• Insulin is a lipid that binds to and strengthens polysaccharides in cell membranes.

• Insulin is a protein that regulates the amount of carbohydrate in the blood.

• Insulin is a steroid that helps to transport fatty acids to cells for anaerobic respiration.

What controls and directs the production of proteins in living things?

• amino acids

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

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What is the function of the molecule shown?

• It stores hereditary information.

• It releases energy for cell activity.

• It is a structural component of the cell.

• It controls the rate of chemical reactions.

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Which example best represents the ability of carbohydrates to serve as structural components?

• The muscles of animals are held together by connective tissues.

• The rigid cell wall of green plants is composed of cellulose.

• The roots of many plants store starches produced by the plant.

• The bones of animals store minerals such as calcium phosphate.

Which phrase describes the structure of carbohydrates?

• composed of chains of monosaccharides

• composed of long chains of amino acids

• composed of single or double strands of nucleotides

• composed of a glycerol molecule bonded to fatty acid molecules