Unit 2A Review

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 

• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 

• the representativeness heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.

Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like "push" before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like "go"? 

• B. F. Skinner
• Benjamin Lee Whorf
• Noam Chomsky
• Hermann Ebbinghaus

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 

• the availability heuristic.
• functional fixedness.
• an algorithm.
• the representativeness heuristic.

With regards to ground beef, consumers respond more positively to an ad describing it as “75 percent lean” than to one referring to its “25 percent fat” content. This is an example of:

• The framing effect
• Confirmation bias
• Mental set
• Overconfidence

Airline reservations typically decline after a highly publicized airplane crash because people overestimate the incidence of such disasters. In such instances, people’s decisions are being influenced by:

• Belief bias
• The availability heuristic
• The representativeness heuristic
• Functional fixedness

The term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge is:

• Cognition
• Learning
• Perception
• Sensation

The tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called

• functional fixedness.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.
• confirmation bias.

When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a

• prototype.
• mental set.
• algorithm.
• fixation.

What does the distribution of IQ scores on a graph look like?

• a downward slope

• a bell curve

• an S-curve

• an upward slope