Logical Fallacies

Person 1: Bicycle infrastructure should be expanded because cycling is a sustainable mode of transportation. 
Person 2: We should not build bike lanes because cyclists run red lights and endanger pedestrians.

• Circular Reasoning
• Either/Or
• Hasty Generalization
• Straw Man

Joan is scratched by a cat while visiting her friend. Two days later she comes down with a fever. Joan concludes that the cat's scratch must be the cause of her illness.

• Post Hoc Ergo Propter hoc
• Appeal to False Authority
• Bandwagon appeal
• Faulty Analogy

“How can you argue your case for vegetarianism when you are enjoying your steak?”

• Appeal to False Authorirty
• Bandwagon Appeal
• Faulty Analogy
• Ad Hominem

President Reagan was a great communicator because he had the knack of talking effectively to the people.

• Bandwagon Appeal
• Ad Hominem 
• Circular Reasoning
• Hasty Generalization

You should never gamble. Once you start gambling you find it hard to stop. Soon you are spending all your money on gambling, and eventually you will turn to crime to support your earnings.

• Non Sequitur 
• Slippery Slope
• Circular Reasoning
• Card Stacking

She's wearing red shoes. Her favorite color must be red.

• Ad Hominem
• Hasty Generalization
• Non Sequitur 
• Straw Man

An argument that assumes the truth of what it is trying to prove.

• hasty generalization

• circular reasoning

• straw man argument

• ad hominem

An interruption between the initial idea and the conclusion.

• red herring

• ad hominem

• non sequitur

• bandwagon fallacy

An argument based on a personal attack on someone's character.

• appeal to nature

• ad hominem

• non sequitur

• bandwagon fallacy

Substituting a person's actual position with a misrepresented (and usually weaker) version of their argument.

• straw man argument

• appeal to nature

• non sequitur

• guilt by association