8B Hierarchical Classification

A dichotomous key for identifying fish is shown. Based on this key, which two fish have eyes located on either side of their head and are not spotted?

• Glassy sweeper and squrrelfish

• Glasseye snapper and spotted eagle ray

• Spotted goatfish and bandtail puffer

• Peacock flounder and glassy sqeeper

Many tree frog populations are threatened due to habitat loss. In an effort to promote conservation, tree frogs may be bred in captivity. A zoo acquired male and female tree frogs from two different populations. In the zoo, the tree frogs were able to successfully mate within their own population, but breeding attempts between the two populations were unsuccessful. Based on this information, which statement correctly describes the relationship between the two populations of tree frogs?

• they are in the same species but different kingdoms

• they are in the same class but different phyla

• they are in the same family but different orders

• they are in the same genus but different species

A student use a microscope to study four members of a phylum Ciliophora. Members of this phylum move when propelled by hundreds of tiny cilia. Although these organisms belong to the same phylum, they are classified as different -

• families

• species

• kingdoms

• orders

The relationships among different orders of millipedes are shown in the cladogram. Based on this cladogram, which statement best describes relationships among millipede orders?

• Stemmiulida is more closely related to Merocheta than Penicillata is to Merocheta.

• Spirostreptida is more closely related to Glomerida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomerida

• Polyzoniida is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomeridesmida

• Merocheta is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Glomerida is to Glomeridesmida

Simple leaves have a single leaf on a petiole, or stem, while compound leaves have more than one leaflet on a petiole. This unknown leaf can be identified using the dichotomous key. Which tree does the unknown leaf come from?

• Ungnadia speciosa

• Sophora secundiflora

• Salix nigra

• Qercus laceyi

The classifications of four trees are shown in the table. Which two trees are the most closely related?

• Taiwan beech and Taiwan catkin yew

• Taiwan catkin yew and Lodgepole pine

• Lodgepole pine and Japanese maple

• Japanese maple and Taiwan beech

While visiting a national park, a student encounters an unfamiliar organism in a damp area near a body of water. The student notes that the organism is about 10 cm long, has four legs, and has a tail. The organism is black with small white spots on its smooth, moist skin. It also appears to have an internal skeletal system. To which class does the organism most likely belong?

• Reptilia

• Amphibia

• Mammalia

• Insecta

This dichotomous key can be used to identify some conifers. Based on the key, which of these best describes the leaves and cones of the longleaf pine?

• needle-like straight leaves that are mostly over 25 cm long and found in clusters of three; no thorns on cones

• flattened and scale-like leaves that are mostly over 25 cm long; soft and leathery cones

• needle-like straight leaves with a length of 25 cm that are mostly found in clusters of five; thorny cones

• leaves with a length of 25 cm that are found in clusters of more than five; no thorns on cones

Frogs and toads belong to the order Anura. The smallest organism in this order is about 7 millimeters long, while the largest member is about 30 centimeters long. Which of these lists best describes this order?

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A cladogram is shown. All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have a common characteristic of -

• fur

• claws or nails

• lungs

• jaws