Protein Synthesis

What characteristic of double-stranded DNA determines the ability of one strand to make an exact copy of the other strand?

• complementary pairing of bases

• location of the base pairs in the center of helix

• ability of bases to be connected in any order

• hydrogen bonding between strands

What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism’s traits?

• the molecular mass

• the folded three-dimensional shape

• the distribution of electrical charges

• the sequence of base pairs

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The diagram shows a cellular process in which a double-stranded molecule of nucleic acid gives rise to a single-stranded molecule of nucleic acid.

Which best describes the process shown?

• DNA is transcribed into RNA.

• RNA is transcribed into DNA.

• DNA is translated into RNA.

• RNA is translated into DNA.

How many amino acids can be represented by a single 3-base DNA sequence?

• 5

• 3

• 1

• 2

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How are cells able to produce the proteins required by certain conditions?

• by synthesizing new genes

• by altering existing genes

• by expressing existing genes

• by mutating new genes

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A new trait that allows a more efficient release of energy from food appears in a fly population. The trait proves beneficial to survival and quickly spreads through the population. Which is the most likely origin of the new trait?

• the combination of recessive genes in each generation

• the mutation of a gene that results in an altered protein

• the replication of a gene that produces an increase in RNA

• the adaptation of a new genes to existing genes in the digestive system

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What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?

• fatty acids

• amino acids

• nucleotides

• sugars

A DNA strand has a nucleotide sequence of TTA TGC TCC TAA for a gene segment. What is the amino acid sequence of the complementary mRNA strand of this DNA strand ?

• Gly Val Val Phe

• Leu Cys Ser Stop

• Asn Thr Arg Ile

• Phe Ser Ser Stop

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What statement best describes the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

• DNA caries the amino acids to the ribosomes.

• DNA forms the structural parts of the ribosomes.

• DNA joins the chains of amino acids to form a protein.

• DNA contains the information for building individual proteins.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is the correct order to make a protein?

• Protein, DNA, RNA

• RNA, DNA, Protein

• DNA, RNA, Protein

• Protein, RNA, DNA

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1