English Phonetics and Phonology I - Review Consonants and Patterns of Simplification

Consonants can be grouped as lenis or fortis according to…

• whether the production of them causes the vocal folds to vibrate or not.

• the amount of energy with which they are articulated and perceived.

• the phonetic environment that surrounds them.

What happens with the consonants which are not considered either lenis nor fortis?

• They are neither voiced nor voiceless.

• They belong to the no opposition group.

• They do not belong to any category.

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

• Consonants can be grouped as voiced or voiceless according to the vibration of the vocal folds.

• English consonants can be safely classified as either voiced or voiceless.

• Voiced consonants can lose part of their voice depending on their phonetic environment.

The release stage in the production of plosive sounds is always present?

• True.

• False.

When the velum is lowered and there is a stricture of complete closure in the mouth, the sound is...

• oral.

• nasal.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

• The velars /k, g/ can be articulated further front or further back no matter what type of vowels follow them.

• The alveolars /t, d, n, l/ are never influenced by dental sounds.

• Nasals are articulated labio-dentally when followed by labio-dental sounds.

Which is the correct label for the following sound?

/dr/

• Voiced-lenis post-alveolar affricate.

• Voiced-lenis alveolar affricate.

• Voiced-lenis post-alveolar plosive.

Which is the correct label for the following sound?

/j/

• Voiced-lenis palatal semi-vowel.

• Voiced palatal semi-vowel.

• Voiceless palatal semi-vowel.

Which is the correct label for the following sound?

/h/

• Voiceless glottal fricative.

• Voiced glottal fricative.

• Fortis glottal fricative.

Consonant sounds are those sounds in forming which the air stream…

• meets a stricture of complete oral closure.

• meets a stricture of intermittent oral closure.

• meets a stricture of partial oral closure.

• meets a stricture of either complete oral closure, or one of intermittent oral closure, or one of partial oral closure.