Flood Mitigation Measures

Which locations is the most suitable for a park?

• C & D

• B only

• A & D

• A, B, & C

What are the characteristics of a park?

(A) Large areas of impermeable surfaces

(B) Large areas of permeable surfaces

(C) Low human traffic, few businesses

(D) High human traffic, few businesses

• A only

• B only

• B and C

• B and D

How is each characteristic of a park helpful in mitigating floods?

• Large areas of permeable surfaces: drain excess water by infiltration

• Large areas of permeable surfaces: increase channel capacity to prevent floodwater from flowing to other areas.

• Low human traffic and few businesses: less impermeable surface and hence there will be less build-up of surface runoff.

• Low human traffic and few businesses: minimise threats to human safety by keeping people and businesses away from high risk zones.

What are the characteristics of a mall that makes D a suitable location?

• Large areas of impermeable surfaces

• High amounts of human traffic

• High amounts of high-value economic activities

• Can be elevated above street level with the use of stairs

Why is D the best location for a mall? Explain with reference to the characteristics of a mall described earlier.

• D has a low risk of flooding, so high-value activities in a mall will not get disrupted and profits can still be made.

• D has permeable surfaces, so high-value activities in a mall will not get disrupted and profits can still be made.

• D has a low risk of flooding, so people can continue to visit a mall to shop without fearing for their safety.

• D has a low risk of flooding, so a mall can be elevated to be above the highest level of flood.

What type of flood mitigation measure is this?

• Levee

• Floodwall

• Floodplain

• Vegetation

What characteristics make this flood mitigation measure problematic?

• Made of concrete

• Made of earth and vegetation

• Low height relative to river

• Bends around the river

• Close proximity to the river