Earth Science Review #2 Lanik/Long

Four rock outcrops, labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4, found within the same plateau, are represented below. Index fossils found in some of the rock layers are shown. The rock layers have not been overturned.
Which rock layer is the youngest?

• sandstone in outcrop 1
• breccia in outcrop 2
• conglomerate in outcrop 3
• sandstone in outcrop 4

The map below shows a position of the polar jet stream over North America in January.
Which map best shows the air-mass movements associated with this jet stream position?

• map 1
• map 2
• map 3
• map 4

The diagram represents the Moon in eight positions, A through H, in its orbit around Earth.
Which Moon phase is observed in New York State when the Moon is located at position F?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

On April 21, the altitude of Polaris, as viewed from a location in New York State, was measured as 41.3°. What will the altitude of Polaris be when viewed one month later, on May 21, from the same location? 

• 23.5° 
• 41.3°
• 66.7°
• 90°

The diagrams below represent constellations seen by an observer in New York State facing south at midnight on July 7 and January 3.
Which motion causes the observer to see different constellations at midnight on July 7 compared to midnight on January 3?

• revolution of the constellations in their orbits
• revolution of Earth in its orbit 
• rotation of the stars in the constellations
• rotation of Earth on its axis

Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the diagrams below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams, labeled A, B, and C, represent equal-sized portions of the Sun’s rays striking Earth’s surface at 23.5° N latitude at noon at three different times of the year. The angle at which the Sun’s rays hit Earth’s surface and the relative areas of Earth’s surface receiving the rays at the three different angles of insolation are shown.
As viewed in sequence from A to B to C, these diagrams represent which months and which change in the intensity of insolation?

• December → March → June; and decreasing intensity
•  December → March → June; and increasing intensity
• June → September → December; and decreasing intensity
•  June → September → December; and increasing intensity

Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the diagrams below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams, labeled A, B, and C, represent equal-sized portions of the Sun’s rays striking Earth’s surface at 23.5° N latitude at noon at three different times of the year. The angle at which the Sun’s rays hit Earth’s surface and the relative areas of Earth’s surface receiving the rays at the three different angles of insolation are shown.
As the angle of the Sun’s rays striking Earth’s surface at noon changes from 90° to 43°, the length of a shadow cast by an object will

• decrease
• increase
• decrease, then increase
•  increase, then decrease

The diagrams below represent the compass direction and altitude of the Sun’s rays at noon for a location on Earth on four different dates.
What is the latitude of this location?

• 0°
• 23.5° N 
• 23.5° S
• 90° N

The diagram represents the apparent path of the Sun across the sky at a New York State location on June 21. Point A represents the position of the noon Sun. Points A and B on the path are 45 degrees apart.
Compared to the Sun’s apparent path on June 21, the Sun’s apparent path on December 21 at this location will

• be shorter, and the noon Sun will be lower in the sky
• be longer, and the noon Sun will be higher in the sky
• remain the same length, and the noon Sun will be lower in the sky
• remain the same length, and the noon Sun will be higher in the sky

The map shows the locations of major watersheds in New York State. Letters A through K represent individual watersheds.
 Over which two landscape regions do the streams in watershed D flow?

• Tug Hill Plateau and the Catskills
• Tug Hill Plateau and Erie-Ontario Lowlands
• Adirondack Mountains and Champlain Lowlands
• Adirondack Mountains and St. Lawrence Lowlands