Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Which writer opposed political absolutism?

• Niccolò Machiavelli

• James I

• Jaques- Benigne Bossuet

• John Locke

Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government?

• A government’s power comes from the consent of the people.

• Predestination will determine who will go to heaven.

• Famine, disease, and conflict are natural checks on population growth.

• The have-nots will rise up and overthrow the government of the haves.

Base your answer to the question on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Speaker A: I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it.

Speaker B: Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.

Speaker C: Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles.

Which historical period is best represented in the ideas expressed by these speakers?

• Enlightenment

• Counter Reformation

• age of Exploration

• Early Middle Ages

The English Bill of Rights and the political philosophy of John Locke both support the idea of a

• coalition government

• fascist dictatorship

• Marxist dictaorship

• limited government

Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both agreed that a government should be based on the

• separation of nationalities

• religious values of the people

• equal distribution of wealth

• consent of the governed

Which statement best expresses the ideas of the Scientific Revolution?

• Religious authorities are responsible for understanding and interpreting new information.

• Superstition and magic are important aspects of the natural world.

• Scientific ideas should be made to conform with existing thought systems.

• People should use reason and experimentation to draw scientific conclusions

The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton resulted in

• challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church

• support for the Earth-centered theory of the universe

• confirmation of Darwin’s theory of evolution

• a renewed interest in the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The heliocentric model of the universe developed by Copernicus and Galileo was considered heresy during their lives because it

• linked astronomy to the teachings of Muhammad

• supported the world view of the ancient Greeks

• challenged the secular power of absolute monarchs

• conflicted with the official doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church

• Copernicus’ heliocentric model of the universe
• Newton’s law of gravitation
• Descartes’ belief in truth through reason

This set of ideas from the Scientific Revolution gave Europeans a new way to

• view humankind’s place in the universe

• support the core beliefs of the church

• authenticate historical facts

• verify civil liberties

The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers were based on

• efforts to achieve salvation

• faith in human reason

• traditional practices

• the inevitability of poverty