Chapter 13 Overview

The process of change over time is

• biodiversity.

• geology.

• fossilization.

• evolution

Darwin's ideas are relevant today because

• they help us understand how organisms change over time.

• they give us clues to Earth's biological past.

• they help us understand relationships between living things and the natural world

• all of the above

During his voyage on the HMS Beagle, Darwin noticed that similar habitats in different parts of the world contained

• the same plants and animals.

• ecologically different plants and animals.

• different but ecologically similar plants and animals.

• the same fossils.

Darwin noticed that within a local area, different but closely related species

• lived in different habitats.

• lived in the same habitat.

• competed for food.

• competed for mates.

Darwin drew support for his theory of evolution from the observation that fossils

• of some extinct animals are similar to living species.

• of dinosaurs prove that dinosaurs once existed on Earth.

• belong to ancient species that are now extinct.

• share a common ancestor.

Hutton and Lyell's research suggested that Earth

• changes slowly over long periods of time.

• has not changed much over time.

• now has geological processes that are different than from those in the past.

• is only a few thousand years old.

Darwin's observation of fossils of marine animals found several thousand feet above sea level can be explained by

• ancient people moving the fossils to higher ground.

• marine animals adapting to live far from the sea.

• geological events causing the ancient seafloor to move to a higher elevation.

• Darwin's misidentification of fossils.

Lamarck proposed that species change due to

• genetic mutations.

• competition for food.

• differences in survival.

• use or disuse of organs.

Darwin realized that Malthus' ideas about human population growth applied even more to other organisms, such as why

• mammals carefully raise one or two young per year.

• oysters produce millions of eggs but only a few survive.

• insect populations grow unchecked each year.

• elephants are overpopulating the Earth.

Selective breeding by humans to enhance the useful traits of domesticated organisms is known as

• natural selection.

• evolution.

• artificial selection.

• Lamarck's hypothesis.