Covalent Bonding Booklet 1 (Unit 1 Chemistry)

Covalent bonding occurs between

• atoms with a high electronegativity

• atoms with a low electronegativity

• a cation (a low electronegative atom losing an electron/s) and an anion (a highly electronegative atom gaining an electron/s)

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Ionic bonding occurs between

• atoms with a high electronegativity

• atoms with a low electronegativity

• a cation (a low electronegative atom losing an electron/s) and an anion (a highly electronegative atom gaining an electron/s)

Metallic bonding occurs between

• atoms with a high electronegativity

• atoms with a low electronegativity

• a cation (a low electronegative atom losing an electron/s) and an anion (a highly electronegative atom gaining an electron/s)

Covalent bonding occurs between

• metal atoms

• non-metal atoms

• a metal and a non-metal atom

Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons

• Ionic Bonding

• Covalent Bonding

Which type of bonding involves the attraction between a cation (positively charged ion) and an anion (negatively charged ion). Cause by donating of electrons (one atom donating an electron, one atom receiving an electron)

• Ionic Bonding

• Covalent Bonding

Chlorine atoms have 7 valence electrons. Chlorine gas (Cl₂) molecules are more stable because:

• one atom transfers an electron to the other, giving each atom a full valence shell

• the two atoms share a pair of electrons, giving each atom a full valence shell

• two new electrons are created, giving each atom a full valence shell

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A hydrogen atom needs 1 electron to get a complete valence shell. In a molecule of hydrogen gas:

• one hydrogen atom transfers an electron to the other hydrogen atom

• two hydrogen ions are held together by electrostatic attraction

• the two hydrogen atoms share their two valence electrons to form a covalent bond

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Atoms that share three pairs of electrons form a ______ covalent bond.

• single
• double
• triple

Who could this molecule be?

• CH₄
• CO₂
• PCl₅
• BF₃

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