Conservative Resurgence 1980-2000: Chapter 30 AMSCO

Questions 1-3 refer to the excerpt below.

"In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. From time to time we've been tempted to believe that society has become too complex to be managed by self-rule, that government by an elite group is superior to government for, by, and of the people .... "It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal government and those reserved to the States or to the people .... "In the days ahead I will propose removing the roadblocks that have slowed our economy and reduced productivity .... It is time to reawaken this industrial giant, to get government back within its means, and to lighten our punitive tax burden. And these will be our first priorities, and on these principles there will be no compromise."

-President Ronald Reagan, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1981

Which of the following was an accomplishment by Reagan that fulfilled the pledges made in this excerpt?

• Balancing the federal budget.

• Cutting military spending through greater efficiency.

• Strengthening environmental protections of federal lands.

• Reducing taxes for businesses and upper-income individuals.

"In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. From time to time we've been tempted to believe that society has become too complex to be managed by self-rule, that government by an elite group is superior to government for, by, and of the people .... "It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal government and those reserved to the States or to the people .... "In the days ahead I will propose removing the roadblocks that have slowed our economy and reduced productivity .... It is time to reawaken this industrial giant, to get government back within its means, and to lighten our punitive tax burden. And these will be our first priorities, and on these principles there will be no compromise."

Which of the following points of view most closely resembles the one expressed in this excerpt?

• Government spending is a useful tool to boost the economy and consumer demand.

• The federal government is in a better position to manage the economy than the states.

• Federal taxes should be used to reduce the income inequality among Americans.

• Privately owned businesses are the key to economic growth.

Which of the following would best support President Reagan's views on "removing roadblocks that have slowed our economy?"

• Cutting restrictions on financial institutions.

• Improving mass transportation for workers.

• Promoting college education with student loans.

• Requiring older Americans to work longer.

Questions 4-6 refer to the excerpt below.

"While the world waited, Saddam Hussein met every overture of peace with open contempt. While the world prayed for peace, Saddam prepared for war .... Tonight, 28 nations-countries from five continents, Europe and Asia, Africa and the Arab League-have forces in the Gulf area standing shoulder to shoulder against Saddam Hussein .... "This is an historic moment. We have in this past year made great progress in ending the long era of conflict and cold war. We have before us the opportunity to forge for ourselves and for future generations a new world order-a world where the rule of law, not the law of the jungle, governs the conduct of nations .... [W]e have a real chance at this new world order, an order in which a credible United Nations can use its peacekeeping role to fulfill the promise and vision of the U.N.'s founders."

-President George H. W. Bush, Address to the Nation, January 16, 1991

Which of the following best explains the purpose of this speech?

• Aid Iran and Saudi Arabia in their conflict with Iraq.

• Force the Iraqi military forces out of Kuwait.

• Promote democracy in the Middle East.

• Remove weapons of mass destruction from Hussein's Iraq.

"While the world waited, Saddam Hussein met every overture of peace with open contempt. While the world prayed for peace, Saddam prepared for war .... Tonight, 28 nations-countries from five continents, Europe and Asia, Africa and the Arab League-have forces in the Gulf area standing shoulder to shoulder against Saddam Hussein .... "This is an historic moment. We have in this past year made great progress in ending the long era of conflict and cold war. We have before us the opportunity to forge for ourselves and for future generations a new world order-a world where the rule of law, not the law of the jungle, governs the conduct of nations .... [W]e have a real chance at this new world order, an order in which a credible United Nations can use its peacekeeping role to fulfill the promise and vision of the U.N.'s founders."

In this speech, Bush is most clearly expressing the concept in foreign policy called

• Collective security.

• Containment.

• Isolationism.

• Mutual assured destruction.

"While the world waited, Saddam Hussein met every overture of peace with open contempt. While the world prayed for peace, Saddam prepared for war .... Tonight, 28 nations-countries from five continents, Europe and Asia, Africa and the Arab League-have forces in the Gulf area standing shoulder to shoulder against Saddam Hussein .... "This is an historic moment. We have in this past year made great progress in ending the long era of conflict and cold war. We have before us the opportunity to forge for ourselves and for future generations a new world order-a world where the rule of law, not the law of the jungle, governs the conduct of nations .... [W]e have a real chance at this new world order, an order in which a credible United Nations can use its peacekeeping role to fulfill the promise and vision of the U.N.'s founders."

Which of the following best explains the result of the foreign policy effort described in this excerpt?

• Saddam Hussein, the dictator of Iraq, was removed from power.

• The Soviet Union joined in support of the operation.

• United States and its allies became bogged down in a lengthy war.

• President Bush's approval rating increased to 90 percent.

Questions 7-8 refer to the excerpt below.

"Clinton was widely hailed, even by some of his detractors, as the most gifted politician of his generation-but the political task presented to him required continual bobbing and weaving, compromising and negotiation, retreating so as to advance .... Clinton was forced to establish a position independent of both the hostile Republican majority and the impotent Democratic minority. The ensuing confrontations that led to a federal government shutdown, Clinton's recovery in the election of 1996, and the impeachment proceeding two years later all stemmed from the political realities surrounding the Clinton White House .... Clinton and his advisors figured out a great deal on the run .... Clinton was also hunted and accused of wrongdoing as few previous presidents had been .... Under siege, though, Clinton survived to become, by the end of his second term, a singularly admired if controversial leader."

-Sean Wilentz, historian, The Age of Reagan: A History 1974-2008, 2008

Passage of which of the following is an example of Clinton's success in "compromising and negotiation, retreating so as to advance?"

• Bill ending discrimination against gays in the military.

• Brady Bill and ban on assault rifles.

• Health Care Reform Act.

• Welfare and budget reform.

Which of the following best explains the general popularity of the Clinton presidency?

• Clinton survived an unpopular impeachment effort led by his political opponents.

• Clinton presided over eight years of prosperity and improved middle-class incomes.

• Clinton organized successful peace-keeping efforts in the former Yugoslavia.

• Clinton negotiated a plan to stabilize Social Security and Medicare for seniors.