AP World History Review

What are 3 pre existing trade routes flourished from 600 to 1450 & promoted the growth of new powerful trading cities such as Malacca, Kilwa, Venice, & Huangzhou?

• Silk Road

• Indian Ocean Maritime System

• Mesoamerican routes

• Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

As a result of the collapse of Western Rome in 500CE, what major change occurred in Europe?

• development of cash crop plantations relying on slave labor

• binding of peasants to the land as part of feudalism

• The shift from agriculture to nomadic pastoralism

• development of self-governing professional guilds

African, Indonesian, & Omani merchants all used WHAT to help them engage in voyages of trade in the Indian Ocean Maritime System?

• Their Islamic ritual observances, which made travel difficult during the fasting period of Ramadan

• advanced knowledge of Indian Ocean currents and monsoon wind patterns

• their need to avoid routes traveled by the faster and better armed Portuguese trading ships

• control of the sources of grain needed by Chinese and East African cities

Which best describes the effect of Islam on Indian Ocean trade?

• expansion and intensification of commerce along already existing trade routes

• disappearance of previously established trade routes

• expansion of land-based caravan trade but also to the decline of maritime trade

• first creation of trade links between previously isolated world regions

Which factors contributed most to Islamic trader's ability to undertake voyages to engage in the Indian Ocean Maritime System?

• strong backing for voyages by the caliphate

• Navigational and maritime innovations such as the astrolabe and lateen sail

• spread of Arabic as the language of commerce in the Red Sea & western Indian Ocean basins

• Innovations in agriculture, which allowed the Omani population to increase rapidly

As a result of the intensification of trade networks that occurred in Period 3, which is true about South and East Asian trading cities such as Malacca?

• were under the direct political control of Islam

• had a majority Arab population

• had Muslim diasporic merchant communities

• were primarily sources of slave labor for the Muslims

In the Indian Ocean Maritime System, many individuals interacted though they were from vastly different parts of the globe. Which of the following is MOST true about relationships between individuals on this route?

• Non muslim merchants in the Indian Ocean trade networks encountered various forms of discrimination that made their business uncompetitive

• Commercial relationships between Muslims and non-Muslims were a key element of the flourishing Indian Ocean trade networks

• Non-Muslim religious leaders in the Indian Ocean region used their economic wealth to challenge the authority of Muslim states

What was the name for the idea that the Emperor (Justinian) was the Head of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire & could therefore control the Orthodox Church completely.

• Caesaropapism

• Caliphate

• Shadow of God on Earth

• Absolutism

Many depictions of Byzantine Emperor Justinian show him with his Empress, Theadora, who was not only Empress but equal co-ruler. They are often depicted in mosaics giving gifts to Jesus of Nazareth most likely because....

• they wanted to highlight imperial subordination to the Christian church

• they desired to demonstrate the ruler's renunciation of wealth

• they desired to use the Christian church to legitimize imperial rule

• they desired to illustrate ruler's sponsorship of the trade in luxury goods

What is an example of a disease that spread from Asia on the Silk Road to Europe & devastated Europe in the Middle Ages. While the Mongols were slightly affected by this, the drastically more unsanitary conditions in Europe made this one of the worst diseases in the continent's history.

• Black Plague/Black Death

• Small Pox

• Malaria

• Tuberculosis/Consumption