Histophysiology Endocrinology Exam II

What is a hormone?

• A signaling molecule released by a cell and conveyed by the blood stream, by neural axons, or by local diffusion to cells in target tissues

• A protein or peptide, catecholamine, steroid, or iodinated tyrosine derivative

• Molecules that regulate existing metabolic pathways through second messengers or regulates synthesis of enzymes and other proteins at the DNA level.

Berthold's experiment found that:

• Castration of male chicks without re-implantation resulted in normal male development

• Castration and transplantation of testis resulted in normal male development

• Castration and transplantation of testis resulted in caponization

Which of the following is not an example of a main endocrine gland?

• Placenta

• Pineal gland

• Eyes

• Liver

The endocrine systems functions to regulate:

• Metabolism

• Fluid status

• Growth

• Sexual development and reproduction

• Olfaction

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

When a hormone acts on adjacent cells without entering the blood stream, it's called:

• Autocrine

• Paracrine

• Endocrine

• Neurocrine

When a hormone enters the blood stream to act upon other cells, it is called:

• Autocrine

• Parocrine

• Endocrine

• Neurocrine

Where are the neurons of the pituitary located?

• Hypothalamus

• Thalamus

• Pineal Gland

• Pons

Where are hormones from the pituitary released?

• Into the bone

• Into the interstitial fluid

• Into neurons

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The _______ pituitary releases hormones from endocrine cells into the interstitium to diffuse into the capillaries.

• Anterior/pars distalis

• Posterior/neurohypophysis

What carries hormones released by hypothalmic neurons to travel to the anterior pituitary?

• Lymph vessels

• Hypophyseal portal vessels

• Aorta

• Cranial Vena Cava