AP Biology - Unit 3 Review

Which of the following is true of the Calvin Cycle?

• Chlorophyll captures light energy.

• ATP is used to form 3-carbon carbohydrates.

• NADP⁺ is reduced to NADH.

• ATP is produced via chemiosmosis.

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ATP synthase will not function without:

• Electron Gradient

• Proton Gradient

• Phospholipid Bilayer

• Active Transport

Which of the following describe the function of a double membrane system in mitochondria?

• The outer membrane allows the transport of all molecules into the intermembrane space, while the inner membrane serves as the regulatory boundary.

• The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.

• The outer membrane contains transport proteins that establish a sodium ion concentration gradient used for ATP production, while the inner membrane contains transport proteins that establish a hydrogen ion concentration gradient used for glucose production.

• The toxins and wastes entering the cell cross the outer membrane and are detoxified by digestive enzymes stored within the intermembrane space.

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ADP phosphorylation is an _____ reaction.

• Exergonic

• Endergonic

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ATP hydrolysis is a _____ reaction.

• Exergonic

• Endergonic

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Exergonic means:

• energy is consumed

• energy is released

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Endergonic means:

• energy is consumed

• energy is released

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ATP is:

• an energy storage compound.

• the cell's principle compound for energy transfer.

• adenosine triphosphate.

• molecule cell's use to do chemical work.

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Fermentation produces as much ATP as oxidative phosphorylation.

• True

• False

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Pyruvate is a _____.

• Carbohydrate

• Acid

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid